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Quantum Systems in Chemistry and Physics: Volume 1: Basic Problems and Model Systems Volume 2: Advanced Problems and Complex Systems Granada, Spain (1997) (Progress in Theoretical Chemistry and Physics #2/3)

These two volumes collect forty-four selected papers from the scientific contributions presented at the Third European Workshop on Quantum Systems in Chemistry and Physics, held in Granada (Spain), April 19–22, 1998. Ninety-nine scientists from Bulgaria, Columbia, Cuba, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Mexico, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, United Ki- dom, Uruguay and Venezuela attended the workshop, discussing the state of the art, new trends, and future evolution of the methods and applications. The workshop took place at the ‘Los Alixares’ Hotel, where 45 lectures were given by prominent members of the scientific community; in addition, 49 posters were presented in two very animated sessions. The success of this workshop is due, without doubt, to the excellent tradition initiated at the previous workshops, organised by Prof. R. McWeeny in San Miniato, Pisa (Italy), 1996, and by Prof. S. Wilson in Oxford (United Kingdom), 1997. These workshops create occasions for meetings and disc- sions on the current state of the art, emerging methods and applications and new trends in this area of science. The three meetings were sponsored and partially supported by the European Union (EU) in the frame of the Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) chemistry actions.

Queering the Moderns: Poses/Portraits/Performances

In Queering the Moderns, Anne Herrmann revisits the narrative of literary modernism and the historical uses of the term "queer" to explore the emergence of identities specific to modernism. "Queer" in the modernist period (1910-1945) means "strange, odd, out of sorts" and although it begins to refer to those who are queer sexually, it does not yet police a hetero-homosexual divide. It means crossing boundaries in unexpected directions, across the Atlantic, across the color line, across literary conventions that dictate autobiographies can't be written by someone else. Six memoirs that rely on cross-gender and cross-racial identifications are discussed within their specific cultural contexts so that female aviators (Amelia Earhart and Beryl Markham), "lesbian" auto/biographers (Virginia Woolf and Gertrude Stein) and male auto-ethnographers (James Weldon Johnson and Earl Lind - Ralph Werther) begin to "queer" the traditional spaces of modernism.

The Quest for Mars: Nasa Scientists And Their Search For Life Beyond Earth

This edition does not include illustrations. Is there life on Mars? And if not, why not? These questions have gripped mankind throughout the twentieth century. In the shadow of the new millennium, The Quest for Mars seeks the definitive answers from the dedicated NASA scientists participating in the race to discover life on the Red Planet.

Radiation in Enclosures: Elliptic Boundary Value Problem (Scientific Computation)

During the last half century, the development and testing of prediction models of combustion chamber performance have been an ongoing task at the International Flame Research Foundation (IFRF) in IJmuiden in the Netherlands and at many other research organizations. This task has brought forth a hierarchy of more or less standard numerical models for heat transfer predictions, in particular for the prediction of radiative heat transfer. Unfortunately all the methods developed, which certainly have a good physical foundation, are based on a large number of extreme sim­ plifications or uncontrolled assumptions. To date, the ever more stringent requirements for efficient production and use of energy and heat from com­ bustion chambers call for prediction algorithms of higher accuracy and more detailed radiative heat transfer calculations. The driving forces behind this are advanced technology requirements, the costs of large-scale experimen­ tal work, and the limitation of physical modeling. This interest is growing more acute and has increased the need for the publication of a textbook for more accurate treatment of radiative transfer in enclosures. The writing of a textbook on radiative heat transfer, however, in ad­ dition to working regularly on other subjects is a rather difficult task for which some years of meditation are necessary. The book must satisfy two requirements which are not easily reconciled. From the mathematical point of view, it must be written in accordance with standards of mathemati­ cal rigor and precision.

Radio Frequency Radiation Dosimetry and Its Relationship to the Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields (NATO Science Partnership Subseries: 3 #82)

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has sponsored research supporting development of personnel safety standards for exposure to Radio Frequency Radiation (RFR) for over a quarter century. NATO previously recognized that one of the most important tools used in the RFR effects research laboratory is accurate dosimetry when it supported a NATO Advanced Studies Institute (ASI) on Advances in Biological Effects and Dosimetry of Low Energy Electromagnetic Fields held in 1981, in Erice, Sicily. That meeting resulted in a NATO ASI publication; Biological Effects and Dosimetry of l Non-ionizing Radiation: Radiofrequency and Microwave Energies . The most recent NATO sponsored program on RFR was an Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) on "Developing a New Standardization Agreement (STANAG) for Radio frequency Radiation" held May 1993, at the Pratica di Mare Italian Air Force Base, Pomezia (Rome) Italy. That ARW produced an ASI proceedings, published in 1995: Radio frequency Radiation Standards, Biological Effects, Dosimetry, Epidemiology, and Public Health Policy2. The Rome ARW and the Proceedings served as a springboard to the much needed revision of the NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG) 2345 MED "Evaluation and Control of Personnel Exposure to Radio Frequency Fields - 3 kHz to 300 GHz,,3, which was subsequently promulgated in October 1998. One of the published recommendations developed by the Rome ARW was to hold this second ARW focusing on dosimetry and measurements.

Radiological Diagnosis of Breast Diseases (Medical Radiology)

An authoritative and comprehensive overview of all aspects of the diagnosis of breast diseases. Employing an integrated approach, all modern imaging modalities are described and their clinical usefulness critically validated, forming an aid for the clinician in the selection and evaluation of the various imaging methods in specific settings. Due attention is given to new aspects of interpretation of mammographic signs that are of particular interest for primary breast cancer diagnosis. The book also includes detailed information on the evaluation of the postoperative breast and on breast cancer screening by mammography.

Radiology of Blunt Trauma of the Chest (Medical Radiology)

During recent years important progress in intensive medicine methods has fundamentally changed the approach to and the management of acute chest trauma, which in developed countries is frequently related to road accidents, the number of which is still rising. It is important for the radiologist to become fully acquainted with the correct inter­ pretation of findings on conventional radiographs as well as on CT. Appropriate and rapid therapeutic action in life-threatening situations will frequently result from the skillful inter­ pretation of radiological findings and from the full integration of the radiologist as a well­ qualified member of the medical and surgical team, responsible for the global management of the chest trauma patient. I am indebted to Prof. P. Schnyder and Dr. M. Wintermark for their excellent work in col­ lecting the case material, which originates mainly from the University Hospital of Lausanne. of all diagnostic They have been able to present a comprehensive and up-to-date overview and interventional radiological aspects related to chest trauma. of great interest to all hospital-based radiologists, I am convinced that this volume will be and also to thoracic surgeons or intensive care physicians dealing with chest trauma patients. It is my sincere wish that this volume meet the same success with clinicians as many other volumes in our series. Leuven ALBERT L. BAERT Preface Diagnostic imaging has experienced astonishing developments during the relatively short period of its existence. We are just entering the second century of the medical use of x-rays.

Radiology of Peripheral Vascular Diseases (Medical Radiology)

A comprehensive account of the use of modern imaging procedures for the diagnosis of arterial and venous diseases. Each imaging modality is separately considered and applications in individual diseases are then explained with the aid of excellent illustrations. In addition, vascular interventions such as balloon angioplasty, local thrombolysis, and stent implantation are discussed and appraised, with special attention devoted to the problem of radiation burden for patients. The authors are all recognized experts in angiology, phlebology, and interventional radiology.

Radiology of Trauma (Medical Radiology)

A summary of the radiological tools available for diagnosing traumatized patients, logically linking the mechanics of trauma and the resulting injuries. The book reviews widely accepted trauma classifications, explains relevant examination methods, and summarizes the typical trauma patterns that can be expected with each imaging modality. The authors give decision pathways based on their experience as well as on recent scientific results. The result is a bridge between the disciplines cooperating in hospitals in the treatment of acutely injured patients.

Rainforest Ecosystems of East Kalimantan: El Niño, Drought, Fire and Human Impacts (Ecological Studies #140)

Since the late 1960s the Indonesian state of East Kalimantan has witnessed a marked increase in the impact of human activities chiefly commercial logging and agricultural exploitation. Located on the island of Borneo, East Kalimantan also was subjected to prolonged droughts and extensive wildfires in 1982-83 and 1997-98 that were linked to the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. The changes in the rainforest ecosystem in East Kalimantan during this 15-year cycle of severe ENSO events are the subject of this book. With an eye toward development of rehabilitation techniques for sustainable forest management, the authors examine possible interactive effects of drought, fire, and human impacts on the flora and fauna of the area.

Raman Scattering in Materials Science (Springer Series in Materials Science #42)

Raman scattering is now being applied with increasing success to a wide range of practical problems at the cutting edge of materials science. The purpose of this book is to make Raman spectroscopy understandable to the non-specialist and thus to bring it into the mainstream of routine materials characterization. The book is pedagogical in approach and focuses on technologically important condensed-matter systems in which the specific use of Raman spectroscopy yields new and useful information. Included are chapters on instrumentation, bulk semiconductors and alloys, heterostructures, high-Tc superconductors, catalysts, carbon-based materials, wide-gap and super-hard materials, and polymers.

Raman Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (Chemical Analysis: A Series of Monographs on Analytical Chemistry and Its Applications #225)

Owing to its unique combination of high information content and ease of use, Raman spectroscopy, which uses different vibrational energy levels to excite molecules (as opposed to light spectra), has attracted much attention over the past fifteen years. This book covers all aspects of modern Raman spectroscopy, including its growing use in both the laboratory and industrial analysis.

Rangeland Desertification (Advances in Vegetation Science #19)

Desertification has occurred worldwide. The biophysical and socio-economic complexity of this phenomenon has challenged our ability to categorize, inventory, monitor and repair the condition of degraded lands. One of the most important distinctions to be made in relation to land degradation is between cultivated land used for annual crop production and `rangelands'. Grazing by free-roaming livestock is the traditional primary use of the world's rangelands. However, there is growing recognition of the importance of these vast acreages for wildlife habitat, hydrology and ground water recharge, recreation and aesthetics. This text focuses on the desertification of rangelands and explores processes, problems and solutions. Chapters in the first section evaluate interactions between `natural' and human-induced disturbance regimes, thresholds, and non-linear change with respect to vegetation, hydrology, nutrients and erosion. Chapters in the second section examine socio-economic constraints and approaches for preventing and reversing degradation. The book provides a contemporary, process-oriented perspective on rangeland degradation of value to students, policy-makers and professionals alike.

Rapid Methods for Analysis of Biological Materials in the Environment (NATO Science Partnership Subseries: 1 #30)

Contrary to common belief, infectious diseases are not as well under control as we would like. We are now at a crossroads regarding the impact of the environment on infectious diseases. Renewed interest in biological weapons and the emergence of new pathogens, coupled with a better understanding of the impact of infectious agents on other conventional diseases, has led us to realise that we can no longer remain complacent about the impact of infectious agents on human, animal and crop health. The present book first discusses current and emerging military and civilian policies on the environment. In addition, the impact of environmental biology on the future of space exploration is discussed, especially in reference to the Mars mission. There follows a discussion of the state of bacteria in the environment, with a presentation of current and emerging techniques of microbial investigation. Finally, two case studies are presented on the impact of these techniques on both political and environmental problems.

Rare Earth: Why Complex Life is Uncommon in the Universe (Copernicus Ser.)

What determines whether complex life will arise on a planet, or even any life at all? Questions such as these are investigated in this groundbreaking book. In doing so, the authors synthesize information from astronomy, biology, and paleontology, and apply it to what we know about the rise of life on Earth and to what could possibly happen elsewhere in the universe. Everyone who has been thrilled by the recent discoveries of extrasolar planets and the indications of life on Mars and the Jovian moon Europa will be fascinated by Rare Earth, and its implications for those who look to the heavens for companionship.

The Rationality of Psychological Disorders: Psychobizarreness Theory

`Rofé's book is a unique scientific contribution to the understanding of psychopathological phenomena. He does more to unravel the mystery of the underlying causes of psychological disorders than we've seen in a long time. His book The Rationality of Psychological Disorders is a `true endeavor that presents a definite challenge to the scientific community of Psychology'. This book is a must-read for scientists, mental health professionals and others who search for the logic and rationale in the irrational and bizarre.' Elizabeth F. Loftus, University of Washington, Past President, American Psychological Society. `The notion of repression is crucial to many psychological theories, but serious questions have been raised about it. Indeed, some investigators have questioned whether repression even exists. In this book, Professor Rofé offers provocative ideas concerning repression and its role in psychopathology in general. His ideas merit attention and I can highly recommend his book for both researchers and clinicians.' David S. Holmes, Chancellor and Distinguished Professor, University of Kansas.

Raum Zeit Relativität: Relativistische Phänomene in Theorie und Beispiel (vieweg studium)

In diesem Buch haben wir versucht, die vielfache Bedeutung aufzuzeigen, welche die Relativitätstheorie heute hat: Sie ist zunächst - zusammen mit der Quanten­ theorie - eine der wichtigsten Grundlagen der modernen Physik, die vor allem in den Laboratorien der Hochenergiephysik ständige Anwendung fmdet. Die Messung räumlicher und zeitlicher Abstände stellt aber auch eine fUr die Praxis wichtige Aufgabe dar. 60 Jahre nach der Aufstellung der Relativitätstheorie durch Einstein ist heute die Meßtechnik so weit vorgeschritten, daß die Ergebnisse der Relativitäts­ theorie fUr die Technik der Zeitmessung und fUr Ortungsaufgaben von Bedeutung sind. Raum und Zeit gehören ferner zu den ältesten Anliegen philosophischen Denkens. Ober die Verknüpfung dieser Ideenwelt mit den Aussagen der Physik gibt es ein Spektrum von Ansichten, das wir nur andeuten konnten. Schließlich 2 war die berühmte Formel E = mc einer der ausschlaggebenden politischen Fakto­ ren unseres Jahrhunderts, so daß die Ergebnisse der Physik hier in besonders direk­ ter Weise technische und politische Bedeutung erlangten. Sie können dieses Buch auf drei Arten benützen: Wenn Sie sich fUr einfache Her­ leitungen der wichtigsten Ergebnisse der Relativitätstheorie interessieren, dann sollten Sie die Kapitell bis 7,13. 1 bis 13. 3, 14, 15 und 16. 1 lesen. Darin werden die physikalischen Aussagen der Theorie mit elementaren Methoden abgeleitet. Wollen Sie tiefer in die Ergebnisse der Theorie eindringen, dann ergänzen Sie diese Studien durch die Lektüre der Kapitel 8 bis 11.

Ray Optics, Fermat’s Principle, and Applications to General Relativity (Lecture Notes in Physics Monographs #61)

Reaction and Molecular Dynamics: Proceedings of the European School on Computational Chemistry, Perugia, Italy, July (1999) (Lecture Notes in Chemistry #75)

The amazing growth of computational resources has made possible the modeling of complex chemical processes. To develop these models one needs to proceed from rigorous theoretical methods to approximate ones by exploiting the potential of innovative architectural features of modern concurrent processors. This book reviews some of the most advanced theoretical approaches in the field of molecular reaction dynamics in order to cope as rigorously as possible with the complexity of real systems.

Reading as a Perceptual Process

This book is divided into five sections dealing with various fundamental issues in current research: attention, information processing and eye movement control; the role of phonology in reading; syntax and discourse processing and computational models and simulations. Control and measurement of eye movements form a prominent theme in the book. A full understanding of the where and when of eye movement control is a prerequisite of any complete theory of reading, since it is precisely at this point that perceptual and cognitive processes interact. Amongst the 'hot topics' included are the relation between parafoveal and foveal visual processing of linguistic information, the role of phonology in fluent reading and the emergence of statistical 'tuning' approaches to sentence parsing.Also discussed in the book are three attempts to develop quantitative models of reading which represent a significant departure in theory-building and a quantum step in the maturation of reading research. Much of the work reported in the book was first presented at the 5th European Workshop on Language Comprehension organised in April 1998 which was held at the CNRS Luminy Campus, near Marseilles. All contributions summarise the state-of-the-art in the relevant areas of reading research.

Real-Time Analysis of Biomolecular Interactions: Applications of BIACORE

The Reality of the Unobservable: Observability, Unobservability and Their Impact on the Issue of Scientific Realism (Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science #215)

Observability and Scientific Realism It is commonly thought that the birth of modern natural science was made possible by an intellectual shift from a mainly abstract and specuJative conception of the world to a carefully elaborated image based on observations. There is some grain of truth in this claim, but this grain depends very much on what one takes observation to be. In the philosophy of science of our century, observation has been practically equated with sense perception. This is understandable if we think of the attitude of radical empiricism that inspired Ernst Mach and the philosophers of the Vienna Circle, who powerfully influenced our century's philosophy of science. However, this was not the atti tude of the f ounders of modern science: Galileo, f or example, expressed in a f amous passage of the Assayer the conviction that perceptual features of the world are merely subjective, and are produced in the 'anima!' by the motion and impacts of unobservable particles that are endowed uniquely with mathematically expressible properties, and which are therefore the real features of the world. Moreover, on other occasions, when defending the Copernican theory, he explicitly remarked that in admitting that the Sun is static and the Earth turns on its own axis, 'reason must do violence to the sense' , and that it is thanks to this violence that one can know the tme constitution of the universe.

Recent Developments in General Relativity

The 13th Italian Conference on General Relativity and Gravitational Physics was held in Cala Corvino-Monopoli (Bari) from September 21to September 25, 1998. The Conference, which is held every other year in different Italian locations, has brought together, as in the earlier conferences in this series, those scientists who are interested and actively work in all aspects of general relativity, from both the mathematical and the physical points of view: from classical theories of gravitation to quantum gravity, from relativistic astrophysics and cosmology to experiments in gravitation. About 70 participants came from Departments of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Departments of Mathematics and Departments of Experimental and Theoretical Physics from all over the Country; in addition a few Italian scientists working abroad kindly accepted invitations from the Scientific Committee. The good wishes of the University and of the Politecnico di Bari were conveyed by the director of Diparti­ mento Interuniversitario di Matematica, Prof. Franco Altomare. These proceedings contain the contributions of the two winners of the SIGRAV prizes, the invited talks presented at the Conference and most of the contributed talks. We thank all of our colleagues, who did their best to prepare their manuscripts. The pleasant atmosphere induced by the beauty of the place was greatlyenhanced not only by the participation of so many colleagues, who had lively discussions about science well beyond Conference hours, but also by the feeling of hospitalityextended to the participants by the staff of the Cala Corvino Hotel, where the Conference was held.

Recent Developments in String Theory: 444. Sitzung am 3. Februar 1999 in Düsseldorf (Rheinisch-Westfälische Akademie der Wissenschaften #445)

Reconsidering Drugs: Mapping Victorian and Modern Drug Discourses

Lawrence Driscoll's fresh examination of the meaning of drugs from the Victorians to the present asks us to listen to historical and current voices whose positions on drugs are at variance with our "truths." Driscoll draws on the work of figures as diverse as William Burroughs, Sigmund Freud, Conan Doyle, and Anna Kavan to shed light on different or silenced ways of talking about drugs and to offer us a historical counter-memory. The result of his work is to unsettle and disturb the familiar parameters that frame our discussion of drugs, revealing that others are available: positions which expose our own constructions as surprisingly limited.