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A Review of Landfill Leachate: Characterization Leachate Environment Impacts and Sustainable Treatment Methods (Springer Water)
by Salah Souabi Abdelkader AnouzlaSolid waste landfilling and related environmental issues have become global concerns, particularly in developing countries. Accelerating population growth and changing lifestyles have exacerbated health and environmental challenges. This book looks at the global ramifications of leachate characterization and environmental impacts, highlighting the different issues related to landfilling, such as leachate generation and its constituents. When water enters a landfill, it assimilates the dissolved components of the decomposing waste, thus forming a leachate with considerable impacts on the environment. The nature of the landfill and the waste received (household waste alone or mixed with industrial waste) determine whether the leachate produced is hazardous or not. The decomposition of solid waste in landfills goes through several stages, including an initial aerobic phase, an anaerobic acid phase, an initial methanogenic phase and a stable methanogenic phase. Leachates can contain significant concentrations of heavy metals, inorganic salts, ammonia, halogenated hydrocarbons, suspended matter, organic pollutants in significant quantities... Generally, leachate discharges are rich in phenol, highly toxic polluting ammonium. Ecotoxicological assessment of this effluent is essential to determine the impact of its contaminants on the aquatic ecosystem. If pollutants are not disposed of properly, leachate from landfills can potentially enter soils and subsoils, severely contaminating surface and groundwater bodies. Therefore, reducing pollutant levels through leachate treatment has garnered considerable attention in recent decades. This publication is an invaluable resource, providing up-to-date information on the impact and characterization of leachate landfills. It is therefore time to accentuate the training of executives with all the skills to facilitate the waste management through the research efforts of academics, in the field of solid wastelandfill operations.
Plasmonic Nanosensors for Biological and Chemical Threats
by Adil DenizliBiological and chemical warfare agents, including viruses, bacteria, and explosive and radioactive compounds, can induce illness or death in humans, animals, and plants. Plasmonic nanosensors as detection tools of these agents offer significant advantages, including rapid detection, sensitivity, selectivity, and portability. This book explores novel and updated research on different types of plasmonic nanosensors for analysis of biological and chemical threat agents. It covers a brief theory of plasmonic nanosensors, summarizes the state-of-art in the molecular recognition of biological and chemical threat agents, and describes the application of various types of nanosensors in the detection of these threat agents.This book• Brings together recent academic research from an interdisciplinary approach including chemistry, biology, and nanotechnology.• Discusses current trends and developments.• Describes applications of a variety of different types of plasmonic nanosensors.• Explores outlooks and expectations for this technology.Showcasing the latest achievements in plasmonic nanosensors, this book will appeal to researchers in materials, chemical, and environmental engineering as well as chemistry interested in exploring the application of sensors to support environmental monitoring and global health.
Plasmonic Nanosensors for Biological and Chemical Threats
by Adil DenizliBiological and chemical warfare agents, including viruses, bacteria, and explosive and radioactive compounds, can induce illness or death in humans, animals, and plants. Plasmonic nanosensors as detection tools of these agents offer significant advantages, including rapid detection, sensitivity, selectivity, and portability. This book explores novel and updated research on different types of plasmonic nanosensors for analysis of biological and chemical threat agents. It covers a brief theory of plasmonic nanosensors, summarizes the state-of-art in the molecular recognition of biological and chemical threat agents, and describes the application of various types of nanosensors in the detection of these threat agents.This book• Brings together recent academic research from an interdisciplinary approach including chemistry, biology, and nanotechnology.• Discusses current trends and developments.• Describes applications of a variety of different types of plasmonic nanosensors.• Explores outlooks and expectations for this technology.Showcasing the latest achievements in plasmonic nanosensors, this book will appeal to researchers in materials, chemical, and environmental engineering as well as chemistry interested in exploring the application of sensors to support environmental monitoring and global health.
Phytohormones in Abiotic Stress
by Dhandapani Raju R Ambika Rajendran Ayyagari Ramlal Virendra Pal SinghPlants are continuously exposed to different environmental stresses that negatively impact their physiology and morphology, resulting in production reduction. As a result of constant pressure, plants evolve different mechanisms for sustenance and survival. Hormones play a major role in defences against the stresses and stimulate regulatory mechanisms. One of the ways through which they mitigate stress is via the production of hormones like auxins, ethylene, jasmonic acid, etc. The phytohormones help in signaling and enhance the chances of their survival. Plant hormones play many vital roles from integrating developmental events, physiological and biochemical processes to mediating both abiotic and biotic stresses. This book aims to highlight these issues and provide scope for the development of tolerance in crops against abiotic stresses to maximize yield for the growing population. There is an urgent need for the development of strategies, methods and tools for the broad-spectrum tolerance in plants supporting sustainable crop production under hostile environmental conditions.The salient features are as follows:• It includes both traditional and non-traditional phytohormones and focuses on the latest progress emphasizing the roles of different hormones under abiotic stresses.• It provides a scope of the best plausible and suitable options for overcoming these stresses and puts forward the methods for crop improvement.• It is an amalgamation of the biosynthesis of phytohormones and also provides molecular intricacies and signalling mechanisms in different abiotic stresses.• This book serves as a reference book for scientific investigators from recent graduates, academicians and researchers working on phytohormones and abiotic stresses.
Phytohormones in Abiotic Stress
Plants are continuously exposed to different environmental stresses that negatively impact their physiology and morphology, resulting in production reduction. As a result of constant pressure, plants evolve different mechanisms for sustenance and survival. Hormones play a major role in defences against the stresses and stimulate regulatory mechanisms. One of the ways through which they mitigate stress is via the production of hormones like auxins, ethylene, jasmonic acid, etc. The phytohormones help in signaling and enhance the chances of their survival. Plant hormones play many vital roles from integrating developmental events, physiological and biochemical processes to mediating both abiotic and biotic stresses. This book aims to highlight these issues and provide scope for the development of tolerance in crops against abiotic stresses to maximize yield for the growing population. There is an urgent need for the development of strategies, methods and tools for the broad-spectrum tolerance in plants supporting sustainable crop production under hostile environmental conditions.The salient features are as follows:• It includes both traditional and non-traditional phytohormones and focuses on the latest progress emphasizing the roles of different hormones under abiotic stresses.• It provides a scope of the best plausible and suitable options for overcoming these stresses and puts forward the methods for crop improvement.• It is an amalgamation of the biosynthesis of phytohormones and also provides molecular intricacies and signalling mechanisms in different abiotic stresses.• This book serves as a reference book for scientific investigators from recent graduates, academicians and researchers working on phytohormones and abiotic stresses.
Recent Advancements in the Diagnosis of Human Disease
Viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites are known to cause the most common human disease. It frequently spreads through direct contact (from human to human, animal to human), and through contaminated food or water. With the advancement of diagnostic techniques, it is now possible to rapidly identify microorganisms causing human disease and correlate with the corresponding clinical infection. Therefore, there is a need to develop robust and high-throughput diagnostic methods to prevent and control human disease of public health importance. This book entitled “Recent Advancements in the Diagnosis of Human Disease” will help the scientific community to better understand the transmission dynamics of some human diseases.
Recent Advancements in the Diagnosis of Human Disease
by Irshad M. SulaimanViruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites are known to cause the most common human disease. It frequently spreads through direct contact (from human to human, animal to human), and through contaminated food or water. With the advancement of diagnostic techniques, it is now possible to rapidly identify microorganisms causing human disease and correlate with the corresponding clinical infection. Therefore, there is a need to develop robust and high-throughput diagnostic methods to prevent and control human disease of public health importance. This book entitled “Recent Advancements in the Diagnosis of Human Disease” will help the scientific community to better understand the transmission dynamics of some human diseases.
Ecology of Wild Bird Diseases
by Sasan FereidouniThe book focuses on the ecology of the most important infectious diseases of wild avian hosts, especially those with high morbidity and mortality rates. Disease ecology is an important scientific approach to study the relationships and interactions between living organisms, their environment, and potential pathogens. Birds have high diversity, and the very special ability to fly and migrate. They migrate over long distances, and share ecosystems with other animals, even humans. They serve as the most important natural source of several pathogens with zoonotic potential. Bird-pathogen interactions are increasingly changing due to the continuous anthropogenic disturbances in habitats and ecosystems. With intensified climate change and improved environmental conditions for vectors, as well as higher susceptibility of avian hosts due to simultaneous exposure to environmental stressors (e.g., contamination, food limitation, etc.), the probability of emerging new infections and their expansion into new territories increase tremendously. The Covid-19 pandemic has shown that neglected ecological and epidemiological interactions between wildlife, domestic animals and humans are paramount to global health.The book has a different approach to understanding complex and multiscale interactions among various ecological factors for the most important infectious diseases of wild birds. It provides valuable data to students and everyone who deals with avian species including biologists, researchers, conservationists, and policymakers.
Ecology of Wild Bird Diseases
by Sasan FereidouniThe book focuses on the ecology of the most important infectious diseases of wild avian hosts, especially those with high morbidity and mortality rates. Disease ecology is an important scientific approach to study the relationships and interactions between living organisms, their environment, and potential pathogens. Birds have high diversity, and the very special ability to fly and migrate. They migrate over long distances, and share ecosystems with other animals, even humans. They serve as the most important natural source of several pathogens with zoonotic potential. Bird-pathogen interactions are increasingly changing due to the continuous anthropogenic disturbances in habitats and ecosystems. With intensified climate change and improved environmental conditions for vectors, as well as higher susceptibility of avian hosts due to simultaneous exposure to environmental stressors (e.g., contamination, food limitation, etc.), the probability of emerging new infections and their expansion into new territories increase tremendously. The Covid-19 pandemic has shown that neglected ecological and epidemiological interactions between wildlife, domestic animals and humans are paramount to global health.The book has a different approach to understanding complex and multiscale interactions among various ecological factors for the most important infectious diseases of wild birds. It provides valuable data to students and everyone who deals with avian species including biologists, researchers, conservationists, and policymakers.
Practical Control Engineering for Mechatronics and Automation
by Fernando Martell Irma Y. SanchezProduction processes and engineered systems use continuous and discrete variables, as well as the combination of continuous and sequential operations. This volume covers both aspects, thus providing knowledge in continuous and discrete control, logic control, and hybrid control systems. It is a compilation of selected control strategies to automate processes and systems with a practical approach to ease their design, analysis and implementation. The selection of the control schemes is based on the capability to provide desired dynamical response or real time performance. Practicality is required for achieving faster development times of automation projects or system prototypes by comprehensive presentation and direct application of methodologies and techniques for efficient and structured programming of control algorithms. Considered methodologies include model-based design, hardware in the loop simulations and structured programming. Fundamental signals and systems concepts are explained. Systems and controllers are analyzed using discrete-time equations, which ease their implementation in most programmable platforms without requiring sophisticated software. PID based control, internal model control and model reference control are viewed as powerful schemes in terms of performance and suitability for mechatronics systems because of the use of the model in their architecture as a key control element. Finite state machines are presented to solve sequential requirements of direct and supervisory control of many processes and machines. Cyberphysical systems are an industrial technology and an education trend, distinguished by visual and dynamic models or digital twins of the physical systems. The discussed analysis, design and implementation practices are integrated and applied in the context of cyberphysical systems. This book aims to provide multidisciplinary support to engineers and practitioners in the design of control systems, and is a valuable tool for automation teaching and self-learning.
Practical Control Engineering for Mechatronics and Automation
by Fernando Martell Irma Y. SanchezProduction processes and engineered systems use continuous and discrete variables, as well as the combination of continuous and sequential operations. This volume covers both aspects, thus providing knowledge in continuous and discrete control, logic control, and hybrid control systems. It is a compilation of selected control strategies to automate processes and systems with a practical approach to ease their design, analysis and implementation. The selection of the control schemes is based on the capability to provide desired dynamical response or real time performance. Practicality is required for achieving faster development times of automation projects or system prototypes by comprehensive presentation and direct application of methodologies and techniques for efficient and structured programming of control algorithms. Considered methodologies include model-based design, hardware in the loop simulations and structured programming. Fundamental signals and systems concepts are explained. Systems and controllers are analyzed using discrete-time equations, which ease their implementation in most programmable platforms without requiring sophisticated software. PID based control, internal model control and model reference control are viewed as powerful schemes in terms of performance and suitability for mechatronics systems because of the use of the model in their architecture as a key control element. Finite state machines are presented to solve sequential requirements of direct and supervisory control of many processes and machines. Cyberphysical systems are an industrial technology and an education trend, distinguished by visual and dynamic models or digital twins of the physical systems. The discussed analysis, design and implementation practices are integrated and applied in the context of cyberphysical systems. This book aims to provide multidisciplinary support to engineers and practitioners in the design of control systems, and is a valuable tool for automation teaching and self-learning.
Lunar Commerce: A Primer
by Derek WebberThis book explores the advent of lunar commerce including the potential scale and timing of the initiative, the associated revenue potential and the potential risks and uncertainties. Specifically, it discusses the reason for the increased interest in lunar commerce, which lunar markets will be part of the initiative and how much of it will be commercial or dependent on government funding. It provides an easy introduction to the content of the Lunar Commerce Portfolio, which was recently issued, under the author's leadership, by the Working Group on Lunar Commerce and Economics of the Moon Village Association, which has Observer Status at the United Nations in Vienna.
Selected Proceedings of the 6th Space Resources Conference: KGK 2023 (Springer Aerospace Technology)
by Katarzyna Malinowska Agata Kołodziejczyk Joanna Pyrkosz-Pacyna Krzysztof Grabowski Olga SergijenkoThis book collects advances, innovations, and applications in the field of space resources and exploration, as presented by international researchers at the 6th Space Resources Conference (KGK), held in Kraków, Poland on May 15-16, 2023. The conference serves as a forum for discussion on the state-of-the-art technologies applicable to current challenges of space exploration, the use of space resources to improve the living conditions of humans and protect Earth’s natural environment, and the latest research results on space resource extraction, transportation, manufacturing in space, and how to develop settlements on the Moon and Mars. Topics include bioastronautics and life support systems, Earth observation and sensors issues, space law, subspace missions, space industry, society and space, space education, and space structures design and operations. The book, which was selected by means of a rigorous peer-review process, presents a wealth of exciting ideas that will open novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different specialists.
First and Second Order Circuits and Equations: Technical Background and Insights
by Robert O'RourkeHelp protect your network with this important reference work on cyber security First and second order electric and electronic circuits contain energy storage elements, capacitors and inductors, fundamental to both time and frequency domain circuit response behavior, including exponential decay, overshoot, ringing, and frequency domain resonance. First and Second Order Circuits and Equations provides an insightful and detailed learning and reference resource for circuit theory and its many perspectives and duals, such as voltage and current, inductance and capacitance, and serial and parallel. Organized and presented to make each information topic immediately accessible, First and Second Order Circuits and Equations offers readers the opportunity to learn circuit theory faster and with greater understanding. First and Second Order Circuits and Equations readers will also find: Root locus charts of second order characteristic equation roots both in terms of damping factor ζ as well as damping constant α. Detailed treatment of quality factor Q and its relationship to bandwidth and damping in both frequency and time domains. Inductor and capacitor branch relationship step response insights in terms of calculus intuition. Derivations of voltage divider and current divider formulae in terms of Kirchhoff’s laws. First and Second Order Circuits and Equations is an essential tool for electronic industry professionals learning circuits on the job, as well as for electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, and physics students learning circuits and their related differential equations.
Telomeres: Chromosome Sentinels
by Carole SaintoméTelomeres are specialized DNA–protein structures that protect the ends of chromosomes to maintain their integrity. They are chromosome sentinels. This book, written by multiple authors, presents current knowledge and the most recent discoveries relating to telomeres. The first chapters describe telomere structures (DNA and proteins), organization, dynamics and replication in a range of organisms including ciliates, yeast and mammals. The following chapters cover mechanisms that maintain telomere length involving telomerase and Alternative Lengthening Telomeres (ALT) mechanisms. Interestingly, telomeres are transcribed into repetitive RNA called TERRA (Telomeric repeat-containing RNA), the state of the art regarding mammalian telomere transcripts is presented here. Two chapters are dedicated to the description of how telomere biology impacts the development of cancer and how their disfunctions induce telomeropathies (telomere biology disorders). Finally, the book ends with a chapter presenting telomere and telomerase targeting agents as potential anticancer agents, a promising therapeutic approach.
Photovoltaic Solar Energy: From Fundamentals to Applications, Volume 2 (IEEE Press)
by Angèle Reinders Pierre Verlinden Wilfried Van Sark Nicholas J. Ekins-Daukes Bram HoexPhotovoltaic Solar Energy Thoroughly updated overview of photovoltaic technology, from materials to modules and systems Volume 2 of Photovoltaic Solar Energy provides fundamental and contemporary knowledge about various photovoltaic technologies in the framework of material science, device physics of solar cells, chemistry for manufacturing, engineering of PV modules, and the design aspects of photovoltaic applications, with the aim of informing the reader about the basic knowledge of each aspect of photovoltaic technologies and applications in the context of the most recent advances in science and engineering. The text is written by leading specialists for each topic in a concise manner and includes the most recent references for deeper study. Moreover, the book gives insights into possible future developments in the field of photovoltaics. The book builds on the success of Volume 1 of Photovoltaic Solar Energy, which was published by Wiley in January 2017. As science and technology is progressing fast in some areas of photovoltaics, several topics needed to be readdressed. Volume 2 also covers some basic aspects of the subject that were not addressed in Volume 1. Sample topics covered in Photovoltaic Solar Energy include: Solar Irradiance ResourcesCrystalline Silicon Technologies (Cz Ingots, TOPCon, Heterojunction, Passivating contacts, Hydrogenation and Carrier Induced Degradation)Perovskite and Tandem solar cellsCharacterization and MeasurementsPV ModulesPV Systems and Applications (integration in buildings, agriculture, water, vehicles)Sustainability Providing comprehensive coverage of the subject, Photovoltaic Solar Energy is an essential resource for undergraduate and graduate students in science or engineering, young professionals in PV research or the PV industry, professors, teachers, and PV specialists who want to receive updated information. A scientific or engineering degree is a prerequisite.
Iontronics: Ionic Carriers in Organic Electronic Materials and Devices
by Janelle Leger Magnus Berggren Sue CarterWith contributions from a community of experts, the book focuses on the use of ionic functions to define the principle of operation in polymer devices. It begins by reviewing the scientific understanding and important scientific discoveries made on the electrochemistry of conjugated polymers. It examines the known effects of ion incorporation, including the theory and modulation of electrochemistry in polymer films, and it explores the coupling of electronic and ionic transport in polymer films.
Phosphorus: Chemistry, Biochemistry and Technology, Sixth Edition
by D.E.C. CorbridgeOver two decades have passed since the fifth edition of Phosphorus: Chemistry, Biochemistry and Technology. Major advances in chemistry, materials science, electronics, and medicine have expanded and clarified the role of phosphorus in both our everyday appliances and groundbreaking research. Significantly expanded, updated, and reorganized, this s
Phosphorus: Chemistry, Biochemistry and Technology, Sixth Edition
by D.E.C. CorbridgeOver two decades have passed since the fifth edition of Phosphorus: Chemistry, Biochemistry and Technology. Major advances in chemistry, materials science, electronics, and medicine have expanded and clarified the role of phosphorus in both our everyday appliances and groundbreaking research. Significantly expanded, updated, and reorganized, this s
Medicinal Agroecology: Reviews, Case Studies and Research Methodologies
by Immo Norman FiebrigMedicinal Agroecology: Reviews, Case Studies, and Research Methodologies presents information on applications of ‘green therapies’ in restoration towards global sustainability. These practices connect the world of medicinal plants with ecologic farming practice, creating a compassionate socio-political worldview and heartfelt scientific research towards food sovereignty and a healthier future on planet Earth. The book communicates benefits of using plant-based solutions to manage the challenges of unsustainable practices in human healthcare, veterinary medicine, agriculture, forestry, and water management. The contributions introduce advances around plants and their active components to potentially treat disease, regulate dysfunction, and balance ecosystems. These practices are explored in further depth through three sections: POLICIES AND FRAMEWORKS, INSIGHTS AND OVERVIEWS, and CASE STUDIES AND RESEARCH METHODS. Edited by Immo Norman Fiebrig, Medicinal Agroecology: Reviews, Case Studies, and Research Methodologies appeals to those in various disciplines including agriculture and agroecology, healthcare, environmental sciences, and veterinary medicine.Chapters 3 and 9 of this book are freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.
Handbook of Magnetic Measurements (ISSN)
by Slawomir TumanskiCollecting state-of-the-art knowledge from information scattered throughout the literature, this handbook describes magnetic materials and sensors, the testing of magnetic materials, and applications of magnetic measurements. It presents an up-to-date, accessible account of modern magnetic measurement techniques. The book discusses the fundamentals of magnetism and covers contemporary magnetic materials and sensors. It also explores applications of magnetic diagnostics in medicine, magnetoarcheology, and magnetic imaging. An extensive list of references is included at the end of each chapter.
Handbook of Magnetic Measurements (ISSN)
by Slawomir TumanskiCollecting state-of-the-art knowledge from information scattered throughout the literature, this handbook describes magnetic materials and sensors, the testing of magnetic materials, and applications of magnetic measurements. It presents an up-to-date, accessible account of modern magnetic measurement techniques. The book discusses the fundamentals of magnetism and covers contemporary magnetic materials and sensors. It also explores applications of magnetic diagnostics in medicine, magnetoarcheology, and magnetic imaging. An extensive list of references is included at the end of each chapter.
Iontronics: Ionic Carriers in Organic Electronic Materials and Devices
by Janelle Leger Magnus Berggren Sue CarterWith contributions from a community of experts, the book focuses on the use of ionic functions to define the principle of operation in polymer devices. It begins by reviewing the scientific understanding and important scientific discoveries made on the electrochemistry of conjugated polymers. It examines the known effects of ion incorporation, including the theory and modulation of electrochemistry in polymer films, and it explores the coupling of electronic and ionic transport in polymer films.
The Heat Will Kill You First: Life and Death on a Scorched Planet
by Jeff GoodellNew York Times best-selling journalist Jeff Goodell presents a "masterful, bracing" (David Wallace-Wells) examination of the impact that temperature rise will have on our lives and on our planet, offering a vital new perspective on where we are headed, how we can prepare, and what is at stake if we fail to act. &“When heat comes, it&’s invisible. It doesn&’t bend tree branches or blow hair across your face to let you know it&’s arrived…. The sun feels like the barrel of a gun pointed at you.&” The world is waking up to a new reality: wildfires are now seasonal in California, the Northeast is getting less and less snow each winter, and the ice sheets in the Arctic and Antarctica are melting fast. Heat is the first order threat that drives all other impacts of the climate crisis. And as the temperature rises, it is revealing fault lines in our governments, our politics, our economy, and our values. The basic science is not complicated: Stop burning fossil fuels tomorrow, and the global temperature will stop rising tomorrow. Stop burning fossil fuels in 50 years, and the temperature will keep rising for 50 years, making parts of our planet virtually uninhabitable. It&’s up to us. The hotter it gets, the deeper and wider our fault lines will open. The Heat Will Kill You First is about the extreme ways in which our planet is already changing. It is about why spring is coming a few weeks earlier and fall is coming a few weeks later and the impact that will have on everything from our food supply to disease outbreaks. It is about what will happen to our lives and our communities when typical summer days in Chicago or Boston go from 90° F to 110°F. A heatwave, Goodell explains, is a predatory event— one that culls out the most vulnerable people. But that is changing. As heatwaves become more intense and more common, they will become more democratic. As an award-winning journalist who has been at the forefront of environmental journalism for decades, Goodell&’s new book may be his most provocative yet, explaining how extreme heat will dramatically change the world as we know it. Masterfully reported, mixing the latest scientific insight with on-the-ground storytelling, Jeff Goodell tackles the big questions and uncovers how extreme heat is a force beyond anything we have reckoned with before.
The Ionosphere with GNSS SDR: Specialized Software-Defined Radio for In-Depth Ionospheric Research (Springer Atmospheric Sciences)
by Ivan G. Petrovski IIThis comprehensive volume navigates through the complexities of Earth's ionosphere and its intricate relationship with GNSS spread-spectrum signals. The book delineates the nuanced structures and dynamics of Earth's atmosphere, offering profound insights into signal propagation, including a meticulous analysis of various ionospheric models. Delving into the instruments of choice, it encapsulates the facets of the GNSS space segment, its theoretical background, and practical applications. The ground and user segments discussed provide readers with a deep understanding of satellite dynamics and navigation data. Further chapters explore the intricacies of GNSS Software Defined Radio (SDR), offering a detailed examination of signal acquisition and tracking, and presenting innovative approaches to baseband data application without data decoding. A significant portion is devoted to manufacturing front-end hardware, providing guidance from specifications to testing, enabling readers to navigate the world of hardware design with ease. Lastly, the book ventures into the applications of GNSS receivers for ionospheric study, highlighting the construction of advanced observables and their practical applications in navigation processors. This section also elucidates the role of multi-station observables in extracting critical ionospheric information. A pivotal resource for researchers and professionals alike, this book stands as a testament to comprehensive research and innovation in the field of GNSS and SDR, fostering a deeper understanding of the Earth's ionosphere. This book serves as a natural progression from Dr.Petrocski's prior contributions, offering readers actionable insights grounded in theoretical understanding.