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Showing 9,876 through 9,900 of 14,020 results

Encyclopedia of Paleontology

by Ronald Singer

The Encyclopedia of Paleontology is designed to address the shortage of general reference works on both vertebrate and invertebrate paleontology and to serve the needs of students and lay persons interested in the field. As the encyclopedia aims to provide basic information, the majority of the 350 entries are devoted to explanations of paleontological concepts and techniques, examinations of the evolutionary development of particular organisms and biological features, profiles of major discoveries, and biographies of leading scientists. Each entry includes an essay and a further reading list. An international team of 200 leading experts in the field has prepared the illustrations and the essays, which range from concise descriptions to comprehensive discussions.

Encyclopedia of Paleontology

by Ronald Singer

The Encyclopedia of Paleontology is designed to address the shortage of general reference works on both vertebrate and invertebrate paleontology and to serve the needs of students and lay persons interested in the field. As the encyclopedia aims to provide basic information, the majority of the 350 entries are devoted to explanations of paleontological concepts and techniques, examinations of the evolutionary development of particular organisms and biological features, profiles of major discoveries, and biographies of leading scientists. Each entry includes an essay and a further reading list. An international team of 200 leading experts in the field has prepared the illustrations and the essays, which range from concise descriptions to comprehensive discussions.

Encyclopedia of National Dress [2 volumes]: Traditional Clothing around the World [2 volumes]

by Jill Condra

This two-volume set presents information and images of the varied clothing and textiles of cultures around the world, allowing readers to better appreciate the richness and diversity of human culture and history.The contributors to Encyclopedia of National Dress: Traditional Clothing around the World examine clothing that is symbolic of the people who live in regions all over the world, providing a historical and geographic perspective that illustrates how people dress and explains the reasons behind the material, design, and style. The encyclopedia features a preface and introduction to its contents. Each entry in the encyclopedia includes a short historical and geographical background for the topic before discussing the clothing of people in that country or region of the world. This work will be of great interest to high school students researching fashion, fashion history, or history as well as to undergraduate students and general readers interested in anthropology, textiles, fashion, ethnology, history, or ethnic dress.

Encyclopedia of National Dress [2 volumes]: Traditional Clothing around the World [2 volumes]


This two-volume set presents information and images of the varied clothing and textiles of cultures around the world, allowing readers to better appreciate the richness and diversity of human culture and history.The contributors to Encyclopedia of National Dress: Traditional Clothing around the World examine clothing that is symbolic of the people who live in regions all over the world, providing a historical and geographic perspective that illustrates how people dress and explains the reasons behind the material, design, and style. The encyclopedia features a preface and introduction to its contents. Each entry in the encyclopedia includes a short historical and geographical background for the topic before discussing the clothing of people in that country or region of the world. This work will be of great interest to high school students researching fashion, fashion history, or history as well as to undergraduate students and general readers interested in anthropology, textiles, fashion, ethnology, history, or ethnic dress.

The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars [5 volumes]: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq Conflicts [5 volumes]

by Spencer C. Tucker

This in-depth study of U.S. involvement in the modern Middle East carefully weighs the interplay of domestic, cultural, religious, diplomatic, international, and military events in one of the world's most troubled regions.The monumental, five-volume The Encyclopedia of Middle East Wars: The United States in the Persian Gulf, Afghanistan, and Iraq Conflicts is a must-have resource for anyone seeking to comprehend U.S. actions in this volatile region. Under the expert editorship of Spencer C. Tucker, the encyclopedia traces 20th- and 21st-century U.S. involvement in the Middle East and south-central Asia, concentrating on the last three decades. Beginning with the 1980–1988 Iran-Iraq War, it covers the 1979–1989 Soviet occupation of Afghanistan, the 1991 Persian Gulf War, allied punitive actions against Iraq during the 1990s, the Afghanistan War, the Iraq War, and the Global War on Terror. Many smaller military actions against Iran, Iraq, Libya, Afghanistan, and other regimes that have been involved in international terrorism are also included. Diplomacy, religion as it pertains to Middle East conflict, and social/cultural developments are other key subjects of analysis, as is the interplay of politics with military policy in the United States and other nations involved in the region.

Encyclopedia of Mathematics Education

by Stephen Lerman

Encyclopedia Of Life Writing (PDF)

by Margaretta Jolly

First published in 2001. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company

Encyclopedia of Library History

by Donald G. Davis Wayne A. Wiegand

First Published in 1994. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Encyclopedia of Library History

by Wayne A. Wiegand Donald G. Davis

First Published in 1994. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Encyclopedia of Law and Development


This comprehensive Encyclopedia is an indispensable resource in the area of law and development. Bringing together more than 80 entries, the Encyclopedia spans a variety of approaches, contextualised histories, recent developments and forward-looking insights into the role of law in development. Entries cover the social, economic and environmental aspects of sustainable development, and offer a conceptual and contextualised perspective on key topics and terms. The Encyclopedia pluralises scholarship in the field by featuring eminent scholars of law and development alongside up-and-coming voices from both the Global South and North with diverse approaches and backgrounds. The Encyclopedia of Law and Development is an invaluable reference point for scholars seeking to engage with issues at the intersection of law and development from both within and outside of the legal field. It is also a thorough but succinct overview for post-graduate students wishing to familiarise themselves with the various aspects of law and development research and study. Key features: • More than 80 entries • Organised alphabetically for ease of reference • Entries by both leading scholars and up-and-coming voices • Each entry features selected references for further study • Up-to-date outlook linked to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and Sustainable Development Goals.

The Encyclopedia of Kitchen Tools: Essential Items for the Heart of Your Home, And How to Use Them

by Elinor Hutton

The ultimate reference book for home cooks, seasoned chefs, and everyone in between, The Encyclopedia of Kitchen Tools guides readers through the history, practical uses, design features, and storage and maintenance requirements of each of the tools living in their kitchen cabinets. Whether you're a home cook pondering the difference between a cookie sheet and a baking pan (one of life's great questions), or a professional chef wondering whether you should sharpen your knives with a whetstone, a honing rod, or an electric sharpener, The Encyclopedia of Kitchen Tools has the answers you're looking for. Ranging from knives and spatulas, ladles and tongs, to Dutch ovens and crock pots, citrus reamers and zesters, The Encyclopedia of Kitchen Tools offers you a chance to reconsider all of the kitchen accessories you've accumulated over the years, as well as the opportunity to encounter some new tools for the first time.With additional sidebars discussing a wide variety of topics including the history of elaborate table settings, the best types of cocktail strainers (yes, there's more than one), the cleanliness of salt pigs, and the best ways to care for cast iron, The Encyclopedia of Kitchen Tools is the new, must-have reference bible for active cooks and armchair chefs alike.

Encyclopedia of Islamic Insurance, Takaful and Retakaful

by Mohd M. Billah Ezzedine GhlamAllah Christos Alexakis

This timely Encyclopedia is a much-needed thorough reference on Islamic insurance policy and the ways in which this can be modelled to cohere with Shari’ah law. The authors explore the ways in which Islamic insurance can be halal, contradicting the widely held belief that insurance policies are not appropriate or moral, utilizing evidence from both the Qu’ran and top Islamic scholars to do so. The book explores Takaful, an insurance paradigm that is in accordance with Islamic principles and suits the needs of modern Islamic economies and communities. It examines the practices, principles, framework and importance of the notion of Takaful, using evidence from the Qu’ran and Islamic teachings to support this. Chapters examine how Takaful is different to conventional insurance models that are not permissible under Shari’ah law, contradicting misconceptions about the possibility of an insurance policy that is achievable within Islamic communities. The book further explores the room for cooperation between Takaful services and Islamic banking, offering insight into how this can be improved in the future. A valuable asset for Islamic insurance and Islamic economics scholars, this timely book offers a thorough analysis of Takaful, Retakaful and Islamic insurance in our modern world. It will also be a useful read for those practising Takaful to ensure that their advice coheres with Shari’ah law.

Encyclopedia of Invasive Species [2 volumes]: From Africanized Honey Bees to Zebra Mussels [2 volumes]

by Susan L. Woodward Joyce A. Quinn

This two-volume set provides a one-stop resource on invasive plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms that are threatening native ecosystems, agriculture, economies, and human health in the United States.Kudzu vine and field bindweed. Eurasian collared-doves, Burmese pythons, and black rats. The northern snakehead and the gypsy moth. All of these are examples of invasive species that have taken over or are threatening certain ecosystems—places where these organisms never naturally occurred. This two-volume work contains 168 entries on plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms that are invasive in the United States, providing a complete examination of the variety of organisms, pathways, distribution patterns, and impacts of non-native species introduced to this country.Encyclopedia of Invasive Species: From Africanized Honey Bees to Zebra Mussels begins with a background essay that illuminates the complexities of dealing with invasive animals and plants. Each entry provides information on the origins and invasion history of the species in question as well as a general description of the biology and ecology of each organism. Impacts—actual and potential, as well as management strategies—are addressed. Every species is depicted via photographs as well as maps that show its place of origin and invaded regions in the United States. This unique work presents fascinating scientific information as well as valuable insights about how seemingly minor events can drastically alter our environment.

Encyclopedia of International Strategic Management (Elgar Encyclopedias in Business and Management series)


This dynamic Encyclopedia presents succinct definitions, explanations and compact reviews of a comprehensive range of topics in the continually evolving field of International Strategic Management (ISM). A diverse and international collective of eminent scholars and thought leaders leverage their research expertise to present concise reviews of the state-of-the-art of research in ISM, exploring the manifold aspects of firms’ global strategies. With more than 90 carefully selected entries, spanning from asset recombination to foreign ownership, and from global mergers and acquisitions to the Uppsala Model, the Encyclopedia captures the breadth and depth of the multifunctional and multidisciplinary field of ISM. Offering clear definitions of the key concepts and theories in ISM, this cutting-edge Encyclopedia will be an invaluable reference tool for doctoral students and scholars of international business, strategic management, and economics and finance. Its practical insights will also benefit practitioners, managers and policy makers in management fields. Key Features: 95 concise and fully cross-referenced entriesExamines the key actors within and around the multinational firmDiscusses linkages and distinctions between key concepts and theoriesAnalyzes the challenges faced by multinational firms in designing and implementing strategies in the global economy

The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies, Volume 5: The Philosophy of the Grammarians

by Harold G. Coward K. Kunjunni Raja

This volume of the monumental reference series being prepared under the general editorship of Karl Potter provides summaries of the main works in the Grammarian tradition of Indian philosophy. Describing the functions of language on different levels, from ordinary empirical speech to the poetic intuition of the divine, the Grammarians sought to demonstrate that the correct grammatical use of language and the devotional chanting of mantras are ways of moving from lower to higher stages of knowledge and self-realization. This work gives special emphasis to the thought of Bhartrhari, the great systematizer of the Grammarian philosophy. For those unacquainted with Indian philosophy, the editors' introduction provides an explanation of the basic concepts found in the Grammarian texts.Grammarian thought is based on the Vedas, and the writings of Panini, Patanjali, Bhartrhari, and others develop implicit Vedic ideas about language and its function. Their works combine a grammatical analysis of Sanskrit language with a philosophy that takes language as divine.Originally published in 1991.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies, Volume 4: Samkhya, A Dualist Tradition in Indian Philosophy

by Gerald James Larson Ram Shankar Bhattacharya Karl H. Potter

Samkhya is one of the oldest, if not the oldest, system of classical Indian philosophy. This book traces its history from the third or fourth century B. C. up through the twentieth century. The Encyclopedia as a whole will present the substance of the various Indian systems of thought to philosophers unable to read the Sanskrit and having difficulty in finding their way about in the translations (where such exist). This volume includes a lengthy introduction by Gerald James Larson, which discusses the history of Samkhya and its philosophical contours overall. The remainder of the book includes summaries in English of all extant Sanskrit texts of the system.Originally published in 1987.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Encyclopedia of Human Resource Management (Elgar Encyclopedias in Business and Management series)


Thoroughly revised and updated to include contemporary terms that have gained importance such as furlough, unconscious bias, platform work, and Great Resignation, this second edition of the Encyclopedia of Human Resource Management is an authoritative and comprehensive reference resource comprising almost 400 entries on core HR areas and concepts. Bringing together more than 200 international authorities on HRM and HR, the Encyclopedia presents an accessible and condensed overview of key HR topics, spanning from absenteeism and big data to whistleblowing and zero-hour contracts. Entries vary from singular concepts such as homeworking, equality, and digitalisation; to organisational behaviour terms such as organisational culture and job satisfaction; and broader management terms such as strategy and management development. Each entry provides a selected list of references and suggestions for further reading to enable the reader to gain a deeper awareness of the topic. An authoritative reference text, this dynamic Encyclopedia will be of immense value to undergraduate and postgraduate students, academic researchers, and HR practitioners and policy specialists looking for a succinct and expert summary of key HR concepts. Key Features:Almost 400 entriesOrganised alphabetically for ease of referenceCross-referenced to facilitate further readingExtensively updated to include new and popular terms

Encyclopedia of Human Memory [3 volumes]: [3 volumes]

by Annette Kujawski Taylor

Providing clear, comprehensible information for general readers, this three-volume, A–Z encyclopedia covers the major theories and findings associated with our understanding of human memory and some of the crippling disorders associated with memory malfunction.This encyclopedia comprehensively addresses one of the most critical components of human intelligence—memory. Comprising approximately 500 A–Z entries written by experts who have studied memory and its impacts, the work defines complex terminology for lay readers and includes answers to the most common questions regarding human memory. Readers will gain an understanding of the various psychological and physiological systems of memory, such as short-term or procedural memory; comprehend the principles that underlie effective encoding, storage, and construction of memories; and learn the truth about often misconceptualized conditions like "amnesia" or how our memories are stored in bits and pieces rather than linearly like a recorded tape or video.This set is ideal for high school students writing term papers or studying for advanced examinations such as Advanced Placement (AP) in psychology. The volumes also provide a breadth of information invaluable to family members, friends, and caretakers of individuals who suffer from various memory disorders, including descriptions of major disorders, explanations of specific memory deficits, strategies for memory improvement, and information on the parts of the brain that access and store memory as well as the types of tests used to assess memory loss. Also included are biographies of key contributors to the field of cognitive psychology, and to the area of memory in particular.

Encyclopedia of Human Memory [3 volumes]: [3 volumes]

by Annette Kujawski Taylor Rachel Blaser Nicola J. Broadbent Kelly Correa Veronica Galván Soyun Kim Kristin Mauldin Christine N. Smith

Providing clear, comprehensible information for general readers, this three-volume, A–Z encyclopedia covers the major theories and findings associated with our understanding of human memory and some of the crippling disorders associated with memory malfunction.This encyclopedia comprehensively addresses one of the most critical components of human intelligence—memory. Comprising approximately 500 A–Z entries written by experts who have studied memory and its impacts, the work defines complex terminology for lay readers and includes answers to the most common questions regarding human memory. Readers will gain an understanding of the various psychological and physiological systems of memory, such as short-term or procedural memory; comprehend the principles that underlie effective encoding, storage, and construction of memories; and learn the truth about often misconceptualized conditions like "amnesia" or how our memories are stored in bits and pieces rather than linearly like a recorded tape or video.This set is ideal for high school students writing term papers or studying for advanced examinations such as Advanced Placement (AP) in psychology. The volumes also provide a breadth of information invaluable to family members, friends, and caretakers of individuals who suffer from various memory disorders, including descriptions of major disorders, explanations of specific memory deficits, strategies for memory improvement, and information on the parts of the brain that access and store memory as well as the types of tests used to assess memory loss. Also included are biographies of key contributors to the field of cognitive psychology, and to the area of memory in particular.

Encyclopedia of Human Body Systems [2 volumes]: [2 volumes]

by Julie McDowell

This encyclopedia is a concise yet comprehensive guide to the systems of the human body that is accessible to the lay reader.Ligaments and lymphatic fluid. The heart and the hormone regulatory system. The respiratory and reproductive systems. The human body comprises a myriad of fascinating, complex, and efficient systems, many of which operate constantly without our knowledge or awareness—that is, until we become ill or injured.This encyclopedia provides a concise yet comprehensive introduction to each of the systems of the human body, exploring all 11 organ systems of the human body: the circulatory, digestive, endocrine, integumentary, lymphatic, muscular, nervous, reproductive, respiratory, skeletal, and urinary systems. Each chapter includes detailed descriptions of important physiological processes, cell and tissue types, as well as the organs and their roles within the larger system. Special attention is also given to the ways in which these systems interact. Written in accessible prose, this text is an easy-to-understand reference for lay readers of any age and an ideal resource for any high school health curriculum.

Encyclopedia of History of American Management

by Morgen Witzel

Containing more than 250 entries, this unique and ambitious work traces the development of management thinking and major business culture in North America. Entries range from 600 words to 2500 words and contain concise biographical detail, a critical analysis of the thinkers' doctrines and ideas and a bibliography including the subject's major works and a helpful listing of minor works.

Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing

by Kelly Boyd

The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing contains over 800 entries ranging from Lord Acton and Anna Comnena to Howard Zinn and from Herodotus to Simon Schama.Over 300 contributors from around the world have composed critical assessments of historians from the beginning of historical writing to the present day, including individuals from related disciplines like Jürgen Habermas and Clifford Geertz, whose theoretical contributions have informed historical debate.Additionally, the Encyclopedia includes some 200 essays treating the development of national, regional and topical historiographies, from the Ancient Near East to the history of sexuality.In addition to the Western tradition, it includes substantial assessments of African, Asian, and Latin American historians and debates on gender and subaltern studies.

Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing

by Kelly Boyd

The Encyclopedia of Historians and Historical Writing contains over 800 entries ranging from Lord Acton and Anna Comnena to Howard Zinn and from Herodotus to Simon Schama.Over 300 contributors from around the world have composed critical assessments of historians from the beginning of historical writing to the present day, including individuals from related disciplines like Jürgen Habermas and Clifford Geertz, whose theoretical contributions have informed historical debate.Additionally, the Encyclopedia includes some 200 essays treating the development of national, regional and topical historiographies, from the Ancient Near East to the history of sexuality.In addition to the Western tradition, it includes substantial assessments of African, Asian, and Latin American historians and debates on gender and subaltern studies.

Encyclopedia of Health Research in the Social Sciences (Elgar Encyclopedias in the Social Sciences series)


Featuring state-of-the-art contributions from leading experts in their respective fields, the Encyclopedia of Health Research in the Social Sciences explores an extensive range of topics, concepts, research approaches and theoretical orientations aimed at providing guidance for those undertaking health research.Cross-disciplinary in scope, the Encyclopedia provides an accessible introduction to a wide variety of complex topics and presents a comprehensive overview of the latest findings in the field of health research. Entries examine timely issues such as big data in healthcare, complementary and alternative medicine, feminism and population health, social class and health inequalities, and vaccination debates. It ultimately exemplifies how social science perspectives can be deployed to help us better understand how individuals, institutions and society can act to support health and wellbeing. This informative Encyclopedia will be an indispensable reference for undergraduate and postgraduate students across disciplines with an interest in the complex relations between health research and the social sciences. Key Features:65 fully-referenced entriesAn interdisciplinary approach, with topics ranging from animal studies to wellbeingWritten in a concise and accessible style, enabling researchers and students of social science to consider how to relate entries to their own interests

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