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Energy And Security Concerns In The Atlantic Community
by Werner J. FeldThis book presents the proceedings of the fifth biannual symposium on "Energy and Security Concerns in the Atlantic Community". It aims to project what the future will hold for the peace movements and their effects on the policies of the Atlantic Community.
Cooperation In Science And Technology: An Evaluation Of The U.s.-soviet Agreement
by Catherine P. AilesThe U.S.-USSR Agreement on Cooperation in the Fields of Science and Technology (the S&T Agreement), a major program of scientific and technical cooperation with the Soviet Union, brought about a broadening of the scope of cooperation and an increase in the number of scientists participating in such exchanges. This book takes a retrospective look at the U.S. experience under the agreement. The background, objectives, organizational arrangements, and evaluations of specific projects are examined within the context of the scientific community and the concerns of the two governments. The authors discuss the relative success of the agreement and propose ways in which the scientific and political benefits could be increased.
Alternatives To Unemployment And Underemployment: The Case Of Colombia
by Michael HopkinsThe creation of jobs is critical in Third World countries where growing populations face unemployment or inadequate employment. Many have put forth theories and suggestions that address this problem, but there has been insufficient empirical analysis of the effects of specific policies on employment growth. The author examines macroeconomic theories of labour market behavior and labour force definitions and concepts, assessing how productive they are in formulating employment strategies for Colombia. The implications of a range of alternative policies for generating jobs, their effectiveness in reducing unemployment, and possible programs for the future are analyzed.
Contadora And The Central American Peace Process: Selected Documents
by Bruce Michael BagleyThe political, economic, and social problems of Central America during the past four years have at times threatened to escalate into a generalized conflict. Intense diplomatic efforts to find peaceful solutions to the crisis, however, have met with only limited success. Negotiations have collapsed amid bitter accusations of intransigence or bad faith, and some have taken place outside of public scrutiny, resulting in widespread confusion that has surrounded the entire peace process. This book is an effort by the Central American and Caribbean Program at the School of Advanced International Studies to shed light on the crucial roles of the Contadora Group (Colombia, Mexico, Panama, and Venezuela) in forging peace in the region. Containing a collection of nearly one hundred statements, declarations, proposals, resolutions, draft treaties, and official documents, it easily constitutes the most comprehensive reference work on the search for peace in Central America. In order to improve readability, slight adjustments have been made to some of the documents.
Communist Revolutionary Warfare: The Vietminh In Indochina
by George K. TanhamEven today few Americans understand the strategy, doctrine, and tactics of communist guerrilla warfare. Back in the early 1950s, the Rand Corporation conducted com· puter·simulated war games focused on Southeast Asia. The French agony in Indochina had attracted the attention of a few Rand researchers who had begun to wonder whether other wars might occur in this area and how the United States might fight if it became involved. The Rand scenarios ranged from atomic war to guerrilla conflict. WhUe a professor at the California Institute of Technology, I was asked to comment on some of these games. One thing struck me almost immediately-the communist enemy, or red forces, behaved and fought exactly like the Americans, or blue forces. From my limited knowledge of the French Indochina war, I did not think this was the case. The director of the war games, the late Dr. Edwin Paxson, agreed with my comment, but plaintively asked, "How do they behave and fight?" I offered to write a handbook for the red side, based on the Viet Minh operations against the French in Indochina. After research in Paris with the French army and air force, I duly completed my handbook in 1958, but by then it was of interest to no one. However, when John F. Kennedy became president, he stirred up great interest in Indochina and guerrilla warfare. My red team handbook, gathering dust, was quickly revised and declassified. It was published in 1961 as the first edition of this book.
Galilee Divided: The Israel-lebanon Frontier, 1916-1984
by Frederic C HofThis monograph looks at the problems on and around the southern boundary of Lebanon from the time it was first established by the French and British after World War I. The author turns to the Zionist thirst for the waters of the Litani River, the impotence and neglect of the southern region and its Shia inhabitants on the part of all Lebanese governments, the coming of the PLO, Israel's policies and actions on grounds of security, and finally the war of 1982 and the unsettled issues left in its wake.
Human Rights In Post-mao China
by John F CopperThe concept of individual human rights in the People's Republic of China, as in all communist countries, is fundamentally different from that in the West. Even so, the record of the Mao Zedong years is generally acknowledged as dismal even in China. This book investigates human rights in China from a historical perspective but concentrates on the p
China On The Eve Of Communist Takeover
by A. Doak BarnettThis book attempts to illuminate some of the trends and conditions in China just prior to, and at the time of the Communist takeover. The conditions that existed just prior to 1949 provided the immediate starting point, the base line, from which the Chinese Communists, once in power, embarked upon their tremendous political, economic, and social t
Communist Totalitarianism: Keys To The Soviet System
by Bertram D. WolfeThis book provides some of the elements of a general theory of totalitarianism with specific analysis of its manifestations in the various aspects of Soviet life. It will be useful in making clearer the conformation behind the calculated and bewildering changes in the day-to-day Soviet line.
Economic Warfare Or Detente: An Assessment Of East-west Economic Relations In The 1980s
by Reinhard RodeThis book analyzes East-West economic and political relations in the context of the policies of the major Eastern and Western countries. The authors, a group of international scholars, examine the potential use of East-West trade as an instrument to influence Eastern policies, and they assess the effects of U.S. unilateral imposition of embargoes and sanctions against the Soviet Union and Eastern European countries. They conclude that although East-West economic relations suffer during times of increased international tension, trade between them is an important stabilizing element.
Japan's New World Role
by Joshua D. KatzThis book aims to provide a glimpse into the vital debate among Japanese and Western scholars, policymakers, and private sector leaders concerning Japan's future course—a process with implications extending far beyond Japan to the entire world political system.
Differential Social Impacts Of Rural Resource Development
by Pamela D. Elkind-SavatskyAssessing the social impact of rural development projects, this book aims to develop a cultural model based on theories of political economy. It presents case studies of rural projects that have affected such socially disadvantaged groups as laborers, women, ranchers, and ethnic minorities.
Environmental Planning And Management
by John H BaldwinA comprehensive overview and discussion of all major aspects of environmental planning and management, Professor Baldwin's textbook highlights the causes and interrelationships of environmental problems, emphasizing the important economic and ecological functions of the land as the stage for all human activities and the "source" and "sink" for all
Insurgency In The Modern World
by Bard E. O'NeillWhile all instances of insurgency have elements in common, the circumstances that precipitate them and the forms they take vary immensely. The editors of this book synthesize the literature on insurgency to provide an analytical framework that outlines categories of insurgent movements (secessionist, revolutionary, restorational, reactionary, conse
Natural Radioactivity In Water Supplies
by Jack K HornerThere is little disagreement that the potential effects of water contamination on human health and the environment should not be ignored, even though the exact nature of those effects is not yet fully understood. That permanently incapacitating and even lethal substances (asbestos, for example) have, in ignorance, been introduced into the environment may become apparent only decades after their introduction. A new principle in water quality regulation is emerging in response to awareness of these dangers: An individual or organization can be held accountable for hazards to human health or for degradation of the environment created by the introduction of a substance, even if the individual or organization is not the source of that substance, even if no regulation of the substance currently exists, and even if the substance is not known to be hazardous or to degrade the environment at the time its release occurs. This book outlines the scientific aspects of the control of natural radioactivity in water supplies, as well as the labyrinthine uncertainties in water quality regulation concerning natural radiocontamination of water. The author provides an introduction to the theory of natural radioactivity, addresses risk assessment, describes sources and effects of natural radiocontamination of water, surveys federal water law concerning natural radiocontamination, and presents an account of how one city dealt with the perplexities that mark this rapidly evolving area of water quality regulation.
Jordan's Palestinian Challenge, 1948-1983: A Political History
by Clinton BaileyTwo-thirds of all Palestinians are Jordanian citizens living on the East and West Banks; a sizable number also reside and work in various parts of the Arabian Peninsula. With the questions of ultimate sovereignty over the West Bank and the Gaza Strip attracting much international attention since Israel's occupation of these areas in 1967, the solution to the Palestinian question is often seen as entirely dependent on Palestinian relations with Israel, despite the fact that only one-third of the Palestinians live in the occupied territories. In contrast, Palestinian relations with the Arab states, including Jordan, are generally portrayed as a sideshow to the main theater of conflict. This book examines the thirty-five-year struggle between the Hashimite monarchy and the forces of Palestinian nationalism over the future identity, and perhaps location, of those two-thirds of the Palestinian people who have been Jordanian subjects since 1948. Dr. Bailey bases his study on "open" sources: reports appearing in the Arab, Israeli, and world press, in addition to academic studies and published memoirs of persons involved in the events described, providing an accurate portrayal of the significant developments in Jordan's Palestinian challenge over the past thirty-five years.
Environmental Policy in the EU: Actors, Institutions and Processes
by Andrew Jordan Viviane GraveyThe European Union (EU) has a hugely important effect on the way in which environmental policies are framed, designed and implemented in many parts of the world, but especially Europe. The new edition of this leading textbook provides a state-of-the-art analysis of the EU’s environmental policies. Comprising five parts, Environmental Policy in the EU covers the rapidly changing context in which EU environmental policies are made, the key actors who interact to co-produce them and the most salient dynamics of policy making, ranging from agenda setting and decision making, through to implementation and evaluation. Written by leading international experts, individual chapters examine how the EU is responding to a multitude of different challenges, including biodiversity loss, climate change, energy insecurity, and water and air pollution. They tease out the different ways in which the EU’s policies on these topics co-evolve with national and international environmental policies. In this systematically updated fourth edition, a wider array of learning features are employed to ensure that readers fully understand how EU environmental policies have developed over the last 50 years and how they are currently adapting to the rapidly evolving challenges of the twenty-first century, including the COVID-19 pandemic. It is an essential resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students studying environmental policy and politics, climate change, environmental law and EU politics more broadly.
Environmental Policy in the EU: Actors, Institutions and Processes
by Andrew Jordan Viviane GraveyThe European Union (EU) has a hugely important effect on the way in which environmental policies are framed, designed and implemented in many parts of the world, but especially Europe. The new edition of this leading textbook provides a state-of-the-art analysis of the EU’s environmental policies. Comprising five parts, Environmental Policy in the EU covers the rapidly changing context in which EU environmental policies are made, the key actors who interact to co-produce them and the most salient dynamics of policy making, ranging from agenda setting and decision making, through to implementation and evaluation. Written by leading international experts, individual chapters examine how the EU is responding to a multitude of different challenges, including biodiversity loss, climate change, energy insecurity, and water and air pollution. They tease out the different ways in which the EU’s policies on these topics co-evolve with national and international environmental policies. In this systematically updated fourth edition, a wider array of learning features are employed to ensure that readers fully understand how EU environmental policies have developed over the last 50 years and how they are currently adapting to the rapidly evolving challenges of the twenty-first century, including the COVID-19 pandemic. It is an essential resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students studying environmental policy and politics, climate change, environmental law and EU politics more broadly.
Routledge Handbook of Energy Democracy (Routledge International Handbooks)
by Andrea M. Feldpausch-Parker Danielle Endres Tarla Rai Peterson Stephanie L. GomezThis handbook offers a comprehensive transdisciplinary examination of the research and practices that constitute the emerging research agenda in energy democracy. With protests over fossil fuels and controversies over nuclear and renewable energy technologies, democratic ideals have contributed to an emerging social movement. Energy democracy captures this movement and addresses the issues of energy access, ownership, and participation at a time when there are expanding social, political, environmental, and economic demands on energy systems. This volume defines energy democracy as both a social movement and an academic area of study and examines it through a social science and humanities lens, explaining key concepts and reflecting state-of-the-art research. The collection is comprised of six parts: 1 Scalar Dimensions of Power and Governance in Energy Democracy 2 Discourses of Energy Democracy 3 Grassroots and Critical Modes of Action 4 Democratic and Participatory Principles 5 Energy Resource Tensions 6 Energy Democracies in Practice The vision of this handbook is explicitly transdisciplinary and global, including contributions from interdisciplinary international scholars and practitioners. The Routledge Handbook of Energy Democracy will be the premier source for all students and researchers interested in the field of energy, including policy, politics, transitions, access, justice, and public participation.
Routledge Handbook of Energy Democracy (Routledge International Handbooks)
by Andrea M. Feldpausch-Parker Danielle Endres Tarla Rai Peterson Stephanie L. GomezThis handbook offers a comprehensive transdisciplinary examination of the research and practices that constitute the emerging research agenda in energy democracy. With protests over fossil fuels and controversies over nuclear and renewable energy technologies, democratic ideals have contributed to an emerging social movement. Energy democracy captures this movement and addresses the issues of energy access, ownership, and participation at a time when there are expanding social, political, environmental, and economic demands on energy systems. This volume defines energy democracy as both a social movement and an academic area of study and examines it through a social science and humanities lens, explaining key concepts and reflecting state-of-the-art research. The collection is comprised of six parts: 1 Scalar Dimensions of Power and Governance in Energy Democracy 2 Discourses of Energy Democracy 3 Grassroots and Critical Modes of Action 4 Democratic and Participatory Principles 5 Energy Resource Tensions 6 Energy Democracies in Practice The vision of this handbook is explicitly transdisciplinary and global, including contributions from interdisciplinary international scholars and practitioners. The Routledge Handbook of Energy Democracy will be the premier source for all students and researchers interested in the field of energy, including policy, politics, transitions, access, justice, and public participation.
Negotiating Religion and Development: Identity Construction and Contention in Bolivia (Routledge Research in Religion and Development)
by Arnhild Leer-HelgesenThis book argues that relationships between religion and development in faith-based development work are constructed through repeated processes of negotiation. Rather than being a neat and tidy relationship, faith-based development work is complex and multifaceted: an ongoing series of negotiations between theological interpretations and theories of human development; between identities as professional practitioners and as believers; between different religious traditions at local, regional and international levels; and between institutional structures and individual agency. In particular, the book draws on a deep ethnographic study of Christian faith-based development work in the Bolivian Andes. The case study highlights the importance of seeing theological interpretations as being firmly embedded in local religious and cultural systems involved in a constant process of identity construction. Overall, the book argues that religion should not be seen as homogeneous, or either 'good' or 'bad' for development; instead, we must recognise that institutional faith-based identities are constructed in many ways, formal, theological and interpersonal, and any tensions between ‘religious’ and ‘development’ goals must be worked through in an ongoing recognition of that complexity. This book will be of interest to researchers working in development studies and religious studies, as well as to practitioners and policymakers with an interest in faith-based development work.
Negotiating Religion and Development: Identity Construction and Contention in Bolivia (Routledge Research in Religion and Development)
by Arnhild Leer-HelgesenThis book argues that relationships between religion and development in faith-based development work are constructed through repeated processes of negotiation. Rather than being a neat and tidy relationship, faith-based development work is complex and multifaceted: an ongoing series of negotiations between theological interpretations and theories of human development; between identities as professional practitioners and as believers; between different religious traditions at local, regional and international levels; and between institutional structures and individual agency. In particular, the book draws on a deep ethnographic study of Christian faith-based development work in the Bolivian Andes. The case study highlights the importance of seeing theological interpretations as being firmly embedded in local religious and cultural systems involved in a constant process of identity construction. Overall, the book argues that religion should not be seen as homogeneous, or either 'good' or 'bad' for development; instead, we must recognise that institutional faith-based identities are constructed in many ways, formal, theological and interpersonal, and any tensions between ‘religious’ and ‘development’ goals must be worked through in an ongoing recognition of that complexity. This book will be of interest to researchers working in development studies and religious studies, as well as to practitioners and policymakers with an interest in faith-based development work.
Minimum Wage Regimes: Statutory Regulation, Collective Bargaining and Adequate Levels (Routledge Research in Comparative Politics)
by Irene Dingeldey Thorsten Schulten Damian GrimshawThis book goes beyond traditional minimum wage research to investigate the interplay between different country and sectoral institutional settings and actors’ strategies in the field of minimum wage policies. It asks which strategies and motives, namely free collective bargaining, fair pay and/or minimum income protection, are emphasised by social actors with respect to the regulation and adaptation of (statutory) minimum wages. Taking an actor-centered institutionalist approach, and employing cross-country comparative studies, sector studies and single country accounts of change, the book relates institutional and labour market settings, actors’ strategies and power resources with policy and practice outcomes. Looking at the key pay equity indicators of low wage development and women’s over-representation among the low paid, it illuminates our understandings about the importance of historical junctures, specific constellations of social actors, and sector- and country-specific actor strategies. Finally, it underlines the important role of social dialogue in shaping an effective minimum wage policy. This book will be of key interest to scholars, students and policy-makers and practitioners in industrial relations, international human resource management, labour studies, labour market policy, inequality studies, trade union studies, European politics and political economy.
Minimum Wage Regimes: Statutory Regulation, Collective Bargaining and Adequate Levels (Routledge Research in Comparative Politics)
by Irene DingeldeyThis book goes beyond traditional minimum wage research to investigate the interplay between different country and sectoral institutional settings and actors’ strategies in the field of minimum wage policies. It asks which strategies and motives, namely free collective bargaining, fair pay and/or minimum income protection, are emphasised by social actors with respect to the regulation and adaptation of (statutory) minimum wages. Taking an actor-centered institutionalist approach, and employing cross-country comparative studies, sector studies and single country accounts of change, the book relates institutional and labour market settings, actors’ strategies and power resources with policy and practice outcomes. Looking at the key pay equity indicators of low wage development and women’s over-representation among the low paid, it illuminates our understandings about the importance of historical junctures, specific constellations of social actors, and sector- and country-specific actor strategies. Finally, it underlines the important role of social dialogue in shaping an effective minimum wage policy. This book will be of key interest to scholars, students and policy-makers and practitioners in industrial relations, international human resource management, labour studies, labour market policy, inequality studies, trade union studies, European politics and political economy.
Reporting Climate Change in the Global North and South: Journalism in Australia and Bangladesh (Routledge Studies in Environmental Communication and Media)
by Jahnnabi DasThis book reveals how journalists in the Global North and Global South mediate climate change by examining journalism and reporting in Australia and Bangladesh. This dual analysis presents a unique opportunity to examine the impacts of media and communication in two contrasting countries (in terms of economy, income and population size) which both face serious climate change challenges. In reporting on these challenges, journalism as a political, institutional, and cultural practice has a significant role to play. It is influential in building public knowledge and contributes to knowledge production and dialogue, however, the question of who gets to speak and who doesn’t, is a significant determinant of journalists’ capacity to establish authority and assign cultural meaning to realities. By measuring the visibility from presences and absences, the book explores the extent to which the influences are similar or different in the two countries, contrasting how journalists’ communication power conditions public thought on climate change. The investigation of climate communication across the North-South divide is especially urgent given the global commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and it is critical we gain a fuller understanding of the dynamics of climate communication in low-emitting, low-income countries as much as in the high emitters, high-income countries. This book contributes to this understanding and highlights the value of a dual analysis in being ably draw out parallels, as well as divergences, which will directly assist in developing cross-national strategies to help address the mounting challenge of climate change. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of climate change and environmental journalism, as well as media and communication studies more broadly.