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The Process of Becoming Ill (Routledge Revivals)
by David RobinsonFirst published in 1971, The Process of Becoming Ill is concerned with how people become ill: not with how people contract diseases but how people come to occupy the social status of ‘sick person’. It is concerned with an analysis of illness behaviour in terms of what it means to be an ill person or a member of the family of an ill person by studying twenty-four families in South Wales. The study was intended to suggest areas of interest for those concerned with the study of illness behaviour which might, at a later date, be looked at in the light of specific questions suitable for more comprehensive enquiry. This book will be of interest to students of medicine, medical sociology, and health care.
The Process of Becoming Ill (Routledge Revivals)
by David RobinsonFirst published in 1971, The Process of Becoming Ill is concerned with how people become ill: not with how people contract diseases but how people come to occupy the social status of ‘sick person’. It is concerned with an analysis of illness behaviour in terms of what it means to be an ill person or a member of the family of an ill person by studying twenty-four families in South Wales. The study was intended to suggest areas of interest for those concerned with the study of illness behaviour which might, at a later date, be looked at in the light of specific questions suitable for more comprehensive enquiry. This book will be of interest to students of medicine, medical sociology, and health care.
Process Metaphysics and Mutative Life: Sketches of Lived Time (Palgrave Perspectives on Process Philosophy)
by Wahida KhandkerThis book provides a survey of key process-philosophical approaches that, in conversation with selected concepts across the biological and physical sciences, help us to think about living processes, or ‘lived time,’ at different scales of functioning. The first part is written from an opening perspective on the question of the differing scales of analysis provided by Alfred North Whitehead. In particular, his interest in questions arising from the quantum mechanical reconciliation with classical mechanics informs the first two chapters that address problematic categorizations of life as variously ‘despotic,’ ‘invasive,’ or as primitive (in the radically more-than-human case of micro-organisms), whose potential recategorization relies on our willingness to acknowledge changes in value depending on the scale at which we view them. The second part of the book concerns methodologies, in the light of works by Henri Bergson, whose intertwining concerns with epistemology and ontology in his theories of mind and life serve as a model for a process philosophy of biology. The chapters focus on techniques used across philosophy and the sciences to visualize processes that are otherwise unavailable to us due to the limitations of our perceptual faculties, no matter how sophisticated the tools for analysis, from microscopes to telescopes, have become. This book concludes with a consideration of the relations between parts and wholes in process, panpsychist, and ecological terms. It revisits the question of ecological balance and the place of human activities in relation to it, with reference to works of Charles Hartshorne and William James.
Process, Action, and Experience
by Rowland StoutThere has been a philosophical upheaval recently in our understanding of the metaphysics of the mind. The philosophy of mind and action has traditionally treated its subject matter as consisting of states and events, and completely ignored the category of ongoing process. So the mental things that happen - experiences and actions - have been taken to be completed events and not ongoing processes. But events by their very nature as completed wholes are never present to the agent or subject; only ongoing processes can be present to a subject in the way required for conscious experience and practical self-knowledge. This suggests that a proper understanding of processes is required to understand subjective experience and agency. This volume explores the possibility and advantages of taking processes to be the subject matter of the philosophy of mind and action. The central defining feature of the process argument is its use of the progressive (as opposed to perfective) aspect. But beyond this, philosophers working on the metaphysics of processes do not agree. The contributors to this volume take up this argument in the metaphysics of processes. Are processes continuants? Are they particulars at all, or should we rather be thinking of process activity as a kind of stuff? Process, Action, and Experience considers whether practical reasoning and practical self-knowledge require thinking of action in process terms, and it considers arguments for the processive nature of conscious experience.
Process, Action, and Experience
There has been a philosophical upheaval recently in our understanding of the metaphysics of the mind. The philosophy of mind and action has traditionally treated its subject matter as consisting of states and events, and completely ignored the category of ongoing process. So the mental things that happen - experiences and actions - have been taken to be completed events and not ongoing processes. But events by their very nature as completed wholes are never present to the agent or subject; only ongoing processes can be present to a subject in the way required for conscious experience and practical self-knowledge. This suggests that a proper understanding of processes is required to understand subjective experience and agency. This volume explores the possibility and advantages of taking processes to be the subject matter of the philosophy of mind and action. The central defining feature of the process argument is its use of the progressive (as opposed to perfective) aspect. But beyond this, philosophers working on the metaphysics of processes do not agree. The contributors to this volume take up this argument in the metaphysics of processes. Are processes continuants? Are they particulars at all, or should we rather be thinking of process activity as a kind of stuff? Process, Action, and Experience considers whether practical reasoning and practical self-knowledge require thinking of action in process terms, and it considers arguments for the processive nature of conscious experience.
Procedural Justice and Relational Theory: Empirical, Philosophical, and Legal Perspectives (Routledge Research in Legal Philosophy)
by Denise Meyerson, Catriona Mackenzie, and Therese MacDermottThis book bridges a scholarly divide between empirical and normative theorizing about procedural justice in the context of relations of power between citizens and the state. Empirical research establishes that people’s understanding of procedural justice is shaped by relational factors. A central premise of this volume is that this research is significant but needs to be complemented by normative theorizing that draws on relational theories of ethics and justice to explain the moral significance of procedures and make normative sense of people’s concerns about relational factors. The chapters in Part 1 provide comprehensive reviews of empirical studies of procedural justice in policing, courts and prisons. Part 2 explores empirical and normative perspectives on procedural justice and legitimacy. Part 3 examines philosophical approaches to procedural justice. Part 4 considers the implications of a relational perspective for the design of procedures in a range of legal contexts. This collection will be of interest to a wide academic readership in philosophy, law, psychology and criminology.
Procedural Justice and Relational Theory: Empirical, Philosophical, and Legal Perspectives (Routledge Research in Legal Philosophy)
by Denise Meyerson Catriona Mackenzie Therese MacDermottThis book bridges a scholarly divide between empirical and normative theorizing about procedural justice in the context of relations of power between citizens and the state. Empirical research establishes that people’s understanding of procedural justice is shaped by relational factors. A central premise of this volume is that this research is significant but needs to be complemented by normative theorizing that draws on relational theories of ethics and justice to explain the moral significance of procedures and make normative sense of people’s concerns about relational factors. The chapters in Part 1 provide comprehensive reviews of empirical studies of procedural justice in policing, courts and prisons. Part 2 explores empirical and normative perspectives on procedural justice and legitimacy. Part 3 examines philosophical approaches to procedural justice. Part 4 considers the implications of a relational perspective for the design of procedures in a range of legal contexts. This collection will be of interest to a wide academic readership in philosophy, law, psychology and criminology.
Problems of Mind: Descartes to Wittgenstein (Routledge Revivals)
by Norman MalcolmFirst published in 1972, Problems of Mind begins with a consideration of the view that the human mind is an immaterial thing that does not require corporeal embodiment for its operations. It takes up the conception that "inner experiences" are "strictly identical" with brain processes. The book also deals exclusively with the doctrine called "Logical Behaviourism", which will always possess a compelling attraction for anyone who is perplexed by the psychological concepts, who has become aware of the worthlessness of an appeal to introspection as an account of how we learn those concepts, and who has no inclination to identify mind with brain. The three most plausible theories of mind-body dualism, mind-brain monism, and behaviourism are all rejected, and nothing is set forth as the true theory. Norman Malcolm states that this is 'only a drop in the bucket. It will serve its purpose if it leads the reader into the writings of Wittgenstein, who is easily the most important figure in the philosophy of mind.’ Problems of Mind will be an essential read for scholars and researchers of philosophy of mind, ethics, logic, and philosophy in general.
Problems of Mind: Descartes to Wittgenstein (Routledge Revivals)
by Norman MalcolmFirst published in 1972, Problems of Mind begins with a consideration of the view that the human mind is an immaterial thing that does not require corporeal embodiment for its operations. It takes up the conception that "inner experiences" are "strictly identical" with brain processes. The book also deals exclusively with the doctrine called "Logical Behaviourism", which will always possess a compelling attraction for anyone who is perplexed by the psychological concepts, who has become aware of the worthlessness of an appeal to introspection as an account of how we learn those concepts, and who has no inclination to identify mind with brain. The three most plausible theories of mind-body dualism, mind-brain monism, and behaviourism are all rejected, and nothing is set forth as the true theory. Norman Malcolm states that this is 'only a drop in the bucket. It will serve its purpose if it leads the reader into the writings of Wittgenstein, who is easily the most important figure in the philosophy of mind.’ Problems of Mind will be an essential read for scholars and researchers of philosophy of mind, ethics, logic, and philosophy in general.
The Problem of Universals in Early Modern Philosophy
by Stefano Di Bella and Tad M. SchmaltzThe ancient topic of universals was central to scholastic philosophy, which raised the question of whether universals exist as Platonic forms, as instantiated Aristotelian forms, as concepts abstracted from singular things, or as words that have universal signification. It might be thought that this question lost its importance after the decline of scholasticism in the modern period. However, the fourteen contributions contained in The Problem of Univerals in Early Modern Philosophy indicate that the issue of universals retained its vitality in modern philosophy. Modern philosophers in fact were interested in 3 sets of issues concerning universals: (i) issues concerning the ontological status of universals, (ii) issues concerning the psychology of the formation of universal concepts or terms, and (iii) issues concerning the value and use of universal concepts or terms in the acquisition of knowledge. Chapters in this volume consider the various forms of "Platonism," "conceptualism" and "nominalism" (and distinctive combinations thereof) that emerged from the consideration of such issues in the work of modern philosophers. Furthermore, this volume covers not only the canonical modern figures, namely, Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke, Berkeley, Hume and Kant, but also more neglected figures such as Pierre Gassendi, Pierre-Sylvain Regis, Nicolas Malebranche, Henry More, Ralph Cudworth and John Norris.
The Problem of Universals in Early Modern Philosophy
The ancient topic of universals was central to scholastic philosophy, which raised the question of whether universals exist as Platonic forms, as instantiated Aristotelian forms, as concepts abstracted from singular things, or as words that have universal signification. It might be thought that this question lost its importance after the decline of scholasticism in the modern period. However, the fourteen contributions contained in The Problem of Univerals in Early Modern Philosophy indicate that the issue of universals retained its vitality in modern philosophy. Modern philosophers in fact were interested in 3 sets of issues concerning universals: (i) issues concerning the ontological status of universals, (ii) issues concerning the psychology of the formation of universal concepts or terms, and (iii) issues concerning the value and use of universal concepts or terms in the acquisition of knowledge. Chapters in this volume consider the various forms of "Platonism," "conceptualism" and "nominalism" (and distinctive combinations thereof) that emerged from the consideration of such issues in the work of modern philosophers. Furthermore, this volume covers not only the canonical modern figures, namely, Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke, Berkeley, Hume and Kant, but also more neglected figures such as Pierre Gassendi, Pierre-Sylvain Regis, Nicolas Malebranche, Henry More, Ralph Cudworth and John Norris.
The Problem of Rationality in Science and its Philosophy: On Popper vs. Polanyi The Polish Conferences 1988–89 (Boston Studies in the Philosophy and History of Science #160)
by J. MisiekRationality of science was the topic of two conferences (held in 1988 and 1989) organized by the Department of Philosophy of Science, Institute of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University. Both conferences included a small group of invited speakers. This book contains a selection of papers presented there. It is intended mainly for specialists in the philosophy of science and scientists interested in philosophy. Students and especially postgraduate students would also benefit from reading it. The first conference, 'Popper, Polanyi and the Notion of Rationality', was held from 1 to 5 October 1988 in Janowice. The second conference, 'The Aim and Rationality of Science', was held in Cracow at the Jagiellonian Univer sity, from 4-10 June 1989. The topics of both conferences were inspired by our late friend Dr. Tomasz Kocowski, who many years earlier invited me and my colleagues from the Department to participate in research concerning the problem of creativity, and serve him and other psychologists as methodological advisors. Personal contacts with this intelligent and inquisitive man helped us to realize that we could not fulfill our task while adhering to the received view in the philoso phy of science. This experience helped us to see science not only as scientific knowledge but also as a process of research. We then turned our attention to Michael Polanyi, who seemed to provide the philosophy we were looking for.
The Problem of Objectivity in Gadamer's Hermeneutics in Light of McDowell's Empiricism (Contributions to Hermeneutics #1)
by Morten S. ThaningThis book reassesses Gadamer’s hermeneutics by bringing it into a dialogue with John McDowell’s minimal empiricism. It employs the resources of McDowell’s minimal empiricism to address the transcendental and ontological presuppositions for objective experience and understanding, while retaining Gadamer’s emphasis on the historicity of understanding. By means of the dialogue with McDowell, the book develops a hermeneutical conception of objectivity and perceptual experience, which also entails reinterpretations of Gadamer’s notions of tradition, practical wisdom and meaning. The book explores the philosophical space beyond the analytic-Continental divide and demonstrates that hermeneutics is not limited to a reflection on understanding as it is practiced in the human sciences, but can be revived as a distinct and cogent philosophical approach with a transcendental and ontological dimension.Thaning's book is a richly detailed, well-argued and coherent presentation of a defensible, and potentially very important, philosophical position. It demonstrates an impressively deep understanding of the literature both from the phenomenological tradition and from the part of the analytical tradition, inspired by Wilfred Sellars, to which John McDowell belongs. Being a substantial philosophical achievement in its own right, the book raises far-reaching questions that will be of interest to a wide audience. Dr. Steven Crowell, Rice University, Houston (USA) Morten Thaning’s book is an important contribution to the discourse of philosophical hermeneutics. Thaning extensively discusses a topic, which recent debates have touched upon, but which up to now has not been the subject matter of concentrated scholarly work: the relation between Gadamer’s hermeneutics and McDowell’s empiricism. With Thaning’s interpretation Gadamer’ work can be read anew as concerning the problem of hermeneutical objectivity. Prof. Dr. Günter Figal, University of Freiburg (Germany)
The Problem of Knowledge: Prolegomena to an Epistemology
by O.A. JohnsonFinding descriptive titles for books devoted to central issues in philosophy can often become a problem; it is very difficult to be original. Thus the title that I have given to this book is far from novel, having already been used several times by other authors. Nevertheless, I think that I can fairly claim to have employed it in a way that no one else has done before. Concerning my subtitle, some comments are in order. I have added it to emphasize my views regarding the nature and scope of epistemology. In particular, I wish to draw attention to the fact that I conceive its subject matter quite broadly. Rather than equating it, as is often done, with "theory of knowledge," I believe that epistemology should concern itself with the philosophical investigation of human belief in general. The two categories of human belief of most importance to the epistemologist are knowledge and what I shall call in the book "reasonable belief. " In my opinion a complete epistemology must take account of both, attempting to resolve the problems that are peculiar to each. For reasons that I give in the book I believe that knowledge and its problems must be the first concern of the epistemologist. Only after he has developed a satisfactory theory of knowledge can he tum, with any hope of success, to the formu lation of a theory of reasonable belief.
The Problem of Health Technology: Policy Implications For Modern Health Care Systems
by Pascale LehouxHealth technology is a pivotal locus of change and controversy in health care systems, and The Problem of Health Technology offers a comprehensive and novel analysis of the topic. The book illuminates the scientific and policy arguments that are currently deployed in industrialized countries by addressing the perspectives of clinicians, health care managers, scholars, policymakers, patients, and industry. And by establishing a dialogue between two interdisciplinary fields--Health Technology Assessment and Science and Technology Studies--Pascale Lehoux argues for re-centering the debate around social and political questions rather than questions of affordability, thereby developing an alternative framework for thinking about the implications of health technology.
The Problem of Health Technology
by Pascale LehouxHealth technology is a pivotal locus of change and controversy in health care systems, and The Problem of Health Technology offers a comprehensive and novel analysis of the topic. The book illuminates the scientific and policy arguments that are currently deployed in industrialized countries by addressing the perspectives of clinicians, health care managers, scholars, policymakers, patients, and industry. And by establishing a dialogue between two interdisciplinary fields--Health Technology Assessment and Science and Technology Studies--Pascale Lehoux argues for re-centering the debate around social and political questions rather than questions of affordability, thereby developing an alternative framework for thinking about the implications of health technology.
Problem-Focused Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility (Contemporary Endocrinology)
by Pak H. Chung Zev RosenwaksIn the vast majority of books discussing reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI), the contents are organized and classified by organs and systems. In contrast, this book is problem-based: chapters are sensibly arranged according to the chief complaints from patients presenting at the office. Readers will be guided to formulate the differential diagnoses, select the appropriate evaluation scheme to arrive at the correct diagnosis, and finally decide on the recommended treatment for the particular condition. The range of both male and female REI conditions are presented here, providing the clinician with the tools to sort through the numerous and often similar complaints from patients to reach the best treatment strategy. Discussed here are issues of puberty, menstrual conditions, uterine anomalies, fibroids, endometriosis, male and female infertility, pregnancy loss, menopause and many others. Current diagnostic and treatment guidelines and algorithms for all conditions are included, further streamlining the management process. Written by experts from the Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center of Reproductive Medicine at Weill Medical College of Cornell University, a world-renowned group of reproductive physicians, Problem-Focused Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility is an indispensable resource for office-based management of REI conditions.
Problem Based Learning in Health and Social Care
by Teena Clouston Lyn Westcott Steven W. Whitcombe Jill Riley Ruth MathesonProblem-Based Learning in Health and Social Care offers a practical insight into the opportunities, benefits and challenges of using problem-based learning (PBL) in health and social care education and also student-directed learning (SDL) as a learning and teaching tool. It presents a collection of practical and emerging concepts in terms of how to do PBL and SDL and considers the practical barriers and solutions, challenges to self awareness and finally future potentialities and directions for learning. The book contextualises and summarises the development of PBL and uses the analogy of a journey to ‘travel’ the reader through the book, covering such key topics as developing PBL curricula, becoming a tutor facilitator, SDL, reflection, assessing and evaluating PBL, group skills and team working. It offers practical guidance on how courses, individual staff and students can develop skills and tactics to understand PBL and SDL and thus achieve effective delivery and learning experiences.
Problem-Based Learning in a Health Sciences Curriculum
by Christine AlaviProblem-based learning places the student at the centre of a process which integrates what is learned in a lecture with what the student actually experiences in practice. The authors of this book use their experience of designing and implementing such a course to offer detailed examples of strategies that work, and show how the approach can be adapted to individual curriculum needs. Including key chapters on facilitation, clinical practice, assessment and evaluation, Problem-Based Learning in a Health Sciences Curriculum will be inspiring reading for all those who want to explore and extend their teaching methods and motivate their students to acquire real knowledge with enjoyment.
Problem-Based Learning in a Health Sciences Curriculum
by Christine AlaviProblem-based learning places the student at the centre of a process which integrates what is learned in a lecture with what the student actually experiences in practice. The authors of this book use their experience of designing and implementing such a course to offer detailed examples of strategies that work, and show how the approach can be adapted to individual curriculum needs. Including key chapters on facilitation, clinical practice, assessment and evaluation, Problem-Based Learning in a Health Sciences Curriculum will be inspiring reading for all those who want to explore and extend their teaching methods and motivate their students to acquire real knowledge with enjoyment.
The Probiotics Revolution: The Definitive Guide To Safe, Natural Health Solutions Using Probiotic And Prebiotic Foods And Supplements
by Dr Gary Huffnagle Sarah WernickIf the thought of bacteria conjures up images of germs that should be avoided at all costs - and certainly not ingested - think again! Some friendly bacteria, called probiotics, are not only beneficial to your health, they're essential. Now one of the leading researchers in the field sheds light on the extraordinary benefits of these natural health superstars. The Probiotics Revolution is an up-to-the-minute, highly accessible guide to probiotics and the foods and supplements that contain and support them. Discover:- The key role of probiotics and prebiotics in restoring healthy balance to our bodies- How to use probiotic foods and supplements to prevent and relieve allergies, IBS, yeast infections and much more- A step-by-step plan for incorporating probiotics and prebiotics into your diet- A complete buyer's guide to probiotic supplements- How to introduce probiotics to your family and childrenWith new evidence to suggest that probiotics may help to fight asthma, cardiovascular disease, breast and colon cancer, autoimmune disease, chronic fatigue and even obesity, this is more than just Yakult - it is the health guide for 2007.
Probiotics For Dummies
by Shekhar ChallaDiscover the pros of probiotics Probiotics are beneficial, live microorganisms (in most cases, bacteria) that are similar to those found naturally in the human intestine. Also known as "friendly" or "good" bacteria, probiotics are the cornerstone of any successful health program because they restore a healthy balance between friendly and bad bacteria in the intestinal tract, a balance that is critical for the health of the entire body. Probiotics are associated with treating everything from IBS to certain forms of cancer, allergies, eczema, and even the effects of aging. Probiotics For Dummies reveals how taking the right probiotics—in the form of food and supplements— as part of a total health program benefits one's overall health, as well as improving specific conditions. This hands-on, essential guide features 20 probiotic recipes and gives you a step-by-step plan for infusing probiotics into your diet to improve the health of the GI tract, alleviate allergies and asthma, restore reproductive and urinary tracts, bolster the immune system against disease, enhance weight loss, and more. Advice on how to ingest the right probiotics 20 probiotic recipes from breakfast to dessert Information on naturally occurring probiotic compounds as well as the effectiveness of supplements Probiotics For Dummies gives you everything you need to make informed decisions about adding probiotics to your daily diet.
Probiotics For Dummies
by Shekhar ChallaDiscover the pros of probiotics Probiotics are beneficial, live microorganisms (in most cases, bacteria) that are similar to those found naturally in the human intestine. Also known as "friendly" or "good" bacteria, probiotics are the cornerstone of any successful health program because they restore a healthy balance between friendly and bad bacteria in the intestinal tract, a balance that is critical for the health of the entire body. Probiotics are associated with treating everything from IBS to certain forms of cancer, allergies, eczema, and even the effects of aging. Probiotics For Dummies reveals how taking the right probiotics—in the form of food and supplements— as part of a total health program benefits one's overall health, as well as improving specific conditions. This hands-on, essential guide features 20 probiotic recipes and gives you a step-by-step plan for infusing probiotics into your diet to improve the health of the GI tract, alleviate allergies and asthma, restore reproductive and urinary tracts, bolster the immune system against disease, enhance weight loss, and more. Advice on how to ingest the right probiotics 20 probiotic recipes from breakfast to dessert Information on naturally occurring probiotic compounds as well as the effectiveness of supplements Probiotics For Dummies gives you everything you need to make informed decisions about adding probiotics to your daily diet.
The Probiotic Promise: Simple Steps to Heal Your Body from the Inside Out
by Michelle Schoffro CookDiscover the health secret you've been waiting forYou've heard how beneficial probiotics are for gut health; new research reveals that they can do much more! Probiotics can also improve a host of other conditions, from allergies to arthritis, depression to obesity-they have even been shown to inhibit cancer and antibiotic-resistant superbugs. Now Dr. Michelle Schoffro Cook shares this groundbreaking research, demonstrating the link between gastrointestinal health and overall well-being. She offers concrete ways for you to use this extraordinary information, explaining how to use probiotics to address a range of medical issues. In this cutting-edge prescription for overall wellness, you'll discover:specific strains of probiotics and the more than 50 conditions they can helpthe benefits of incorporating probiotics into your day-to-day lifehow to select the best supplement for your health concernstips for adding more probiotic-rich foods to your dietmore than 30 delicious and nutritious probiotic-rich recipes
The Probiotic Promise: Simple Steps to Heal Your Body from the Inside Out
by Michelle Schoffro CookDiscover the health secret you've been waiting for You've heard how beneficial probiotics are for gut health; new research reveals that they can do much more! Probiotics can also improve a host of other conditions, from allergies to arthritis, depression to obesity -- they have even been shown to inhibit cancer and antibiotic-resistant superbugs. Now Dr. Michelle Schoffro Cook shares this groundbreaking research, demonstrating the link between gastrointestinal health and overall well-being. She offers concrete ways for you to use this extraordinary information, explaining how to use probiotics to address a range of medical issues. In this cutting-edge prescription for overall wellness, you'll discover: specific strains of probiotics and the more than 50 conditions they can help the benefits of incorporating probiotics into your day-to-day life how to select the best supplement for your health concernstips for adding more probiotic-rich foods to your diet more than 30 delicious and nutritious probiotic-rich recipes