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Fashion Marketing: an anthology of viewpoints and perspectives (Routledge Revivals)
First published in 1973, Fashion Marketing is intended for all whose work is linked to the vagaries of fashion or who are simply fascinated by the subject. Although much of the evidence and material collected here is related to textiles and clothing in particular, businessmen are becoming increasingly aware that fashion now extends its influence beyond its traditional fields. The fickleness of fashion has previously discouraged detailed analysis of trends, and such significant contributions to the literature as have been made often occur in the most unlikely places. It was this inaccessibility which led to the preparation of the present volume, which developed out of the considerable research activity into textile markets by the editors, first at the University of Bradford, and more recently at the Cranfield School of Management to which their research work was transferred in 1972. This book will be of interest to students of business, economics, marketing and fashion.
Fashion’s Transnational Inequalities: Socio-Political, Economic, and Environmental (Fashion Sociologies)
This book explores the evolving relationship between fashion and transnational capitalism. It examines the inequalities and injustices that this relationship embodies and engenders within the interconnected domains of production, consumption, labour, and environmental ethics. It also considers national and transnational ways of evading, resisting, and dismantling those inequalities and injustices. An accessible and compelling read, Fashion’s Transnational Inequalities will appeal to students and scholars of fashion, sociology, politics, cultural studies, and all those interested in deconstructing the inequalities that exist in the fashion industry globally.
FC Barcelona: History, Politics and Identity
This is the first critical, in-depth academic study of FC Barcelona (also known as Barça), one of the world’s great football clubs, exploring the historical, political, cultural and commercial dimensions of this global sporting institution.The book examines why and how the club grew from its genesis as a small sporting organisation in the developing urban landscape of Barcelona in 1899 to become a contemporary giant that has both shaped and transcended football. It considers how globalisation, cultural identity and political ideology can help us to understand the development of Barça, but also how the growth of the phenomenon of FC Barcelona helps us to better understand those forces shaping contemporary global societies. It brings together leading scholars from around the world to examine key themes such as governance, regional and national politics, storytelling, fandom, digital media, branding, commercialisation and sport diplomacy, exploring topics such as the European Super League fiasco and the rise of Lionel Messi as a global icon. It also includes a series of chapters looking at the importance of FC Barcelona around the world, including in Latin America, the United States, Africa and East Asia.This illuminating, multi-disciplinary study of FC Barcelona is essential reading for anybody with an interest in football, Catalonian politics and culture, or the history, politics, culture and business of sport.
Female and Male in West Africa (Routledge Revivals)
In the 1970s and early 1980s, there was a lack of contemporary, readily available studies of the informal relationships between the sexes; their day to day activities and expectations and how these were altering; especially in contexts in which there were radical demographic, political and economic changes taking place. Originally published in 1983, this volume documents the complexities and subtleties of the modes of interaction between women and men in one region of Africa. It seeks to provide insights and understanding of changing social contexts and relationships based upon ethnographic field work carried out in the previous decade. There are five sections. The first is comparative; presenting and analysing statistical data from the countries of the region; including demographic profiles of fertility, migration, mortality, as well as census and survey evidence on work patterns and education. It provides the broad framework within which the individual case studies are located. The theme of the first set of case studies is the traditional separation and interconnectedness apparent in the worlds of women and men in several culture areas in the spheres of arts and crafts, music, political roles, language, symbolism, ritual, domestic organization and resources and sexuality. The second set focuses on the theme of domestic cooperation and conflict, in production and consumption – in particular the conflicting claims and expectations of men and women, as spouses and kin. The third set of essays is concerned with the relative resources and opportunities of females and males in schools and employment contexts, in sexual encounters and in national community and domestic decision-making processes. The subjects of the final section include individualism, autonomy and dependence of the members of one sex upon the other. The increased individualism, resulting from migration and the scattering of kin, and the breakdown of cooperative work patterns between spouses and relatives is seen as leading to instances of both increased dependence on the one hand, especially of women on men, and increased opportunities for economic autonomy on the other. The case studies span a wide range of socio-economic conditions including studies of farmers, traders, fishermen and fishmongers, factory and office workers, the relatively rich and the relatively poor, from many different ethnic groups and six countries. The book was expected to be of interest to a wide range of readers in social science disciplines as well as to planners and administrators. It should still prove to be particularly relevant to the needs of university students in the fields of women’s studies, African studies, Black studies, sex roles, family relations, sociology and anthropology.
Feminism, Adult Education and Creative Possibility: Imaginative Responses (Bloomsbury Critical Education)
This book argues that feminist aesthetics as practices of adult education can inform our responses to gendered, racial, class and ecological injustices. It illustrates the critical, creative, and provocative pedagogical theorising, research, and engagement work of feminist adult educators and researchers who work in diverse community, institutional, and social movement contexts across North America and Europe. This book captures the complexity, diversity, energy, and imagination of those who theorise, decolonise, facilitate, investigate, visualize, story, and create within the politics of gender (in)justice and radical change.
Field Guide to Intercultural Research (Elgar Field Guides)
This informative Field Guide to Intercultural Research is specifically designed to be used in the field, guiding the reader away from pitfalls and towards best practice. It shares valuable fieldwork challenges and experiences, as well as insights into key methodological debates and practical recommendations relevant to both new and seasoned researchers. Offering an international outlook and featuring insights from across four continents, this invaluable guide introduces new methods and approaches to data analysis, tackling various research phases, including perspectives from quantitative researchers. It focuses on the role of culture and the intercultural challenges that fieldworkers encounter, enticing readers into further conversations concerning the role of fieldwork in producing new knowledge. Expert contributors illustrate the benefits of field research in intercultural research not only to academic literature, but also to organizational policies and the societies within which we work and live. Including insights from the fields of ethnography and social anthropology, this cutting edge guide is crucial reading for all students and researchers of business and management studies as well as organizational development hoping to begin their foray into fieldwork, as well as experienced scholars looking for new approaches to field research. It will also benefit management professionals and consultants in need of an expanded knowledge base for conducting action research or other interventions in organizations.
Fieldnotes in the Critical Study of Religion: Revisiting Classical Theorists (Critiquing Religion: Discourse, Culture, Power)
This book introduces students to the so-called classics of the field from the 19th and 20th centuries, whilst challenging readers to apply a critical lens. Instead of representing scholars and their works as virtually timeless, each contributor provides sufficient background on the classic work in question so that readers not only understand its novelty and place in its own time, but are able to arrive at a critical understanding of whether its approach to studying religion continues to be useful to them today. Scholars discussed include Muller, Durkheim, Freud and Eliade. Fieldnotes in the Critical Study of Religion: Revisiting Classical Theorists therefore offers a novel way into writing both a history and ethnography of the discipline, helping readers to see how it has changed and inviting them to consider what-if anything-endures and thereby unites these diverse authors into a common field.
Finding Culture in Talk: A Collection of Methods (Culture, Mind, and Society)
This edited collection presents a range of heretofore unpublished, unavailable methods for the systematic reconstruction of culture from interviews and other discourse. Authors set the design and evolution of their methods in the context of their own research projects, and draw general lessons about investigating culture through discourse. These methods have largely grown out of the work of the cultural models school, and represent the approaches of some of the very best methodologists in cultural anthropology today. An impetus for the volume has been inquiries from researchers, many of them graduate students, about how to conduct the kind of research that cultural models theorists do. This is not a linguistics book; unlike approaches to discourse analysis from linguistics, this volume focuses on culture, treating discourse as a medium especially rich in clues for cultural analysis, and hence a window into culture.
Finding Meaning: An Existential Quest in Post-Modern Israel
From its trendy urban centers to its ancient deserts, Israel's history is based on the rich heritage of traditions and contradictions. It is known as a start-up nation, with hospitable and warm interpersonal relationships, and a steady high-ranked happiness level. Yet, its deep political disparities and past traumas ripple beneath the surface of its culture, with unyielding existential threats looming from its neighbors and from within its borders. The turbulent Israeli settingcharacterized by salient existential threats, issues of identity and dialectic world viewsserve as a magnifying glass for unravelling a variety of significant ways through which the human fundamental motivation to find meaning in life is manifested. Finding Meaning incorporates a conceptual framework for examining the post-modern, sociocultural Israeli scene that facilitates and triggers the search for meaning among its citizens. Combining theory, data, and illustrative case studies, this book unravels a variety of significant and fundamental manifestations of a quest for meaning under existentialist duress, carefully navigating the cultural context of post-modernist Israel. Written by experts in these areas, this book offers new insights into this quest by suggesting a new construct that weaves together the personal and cultural environment, highlights several key processes and dimensions that appear to characterize this search, and offers broad perspectives that contribute to the research at these intersections. Finding Meaning is a pioneering book with an insightful, innovative, and hopeful lens for academic, scholarly, and some lay readers interested in meaning and contemporary Israeli society.
Fiscal Accountability and Population Aging: New Responses to New Challenges (KDI/EWC series on Economic Policy)
Focusing on the developing economic challenges confronting Korea and the US in response to the aging of their populations, this timely book examines how public policies are evolving in light of demographic changes, the impact of aging on governmental expenditures, and transitions in the labor force associated with aging. International contributors comparatively analyze government approaches to population aging, illustrating the similar challenges faced across nations. Chapters draw attention to those particular issues that public policy plans must surmount, including funding pressures on retirement plans and the effects of an aging labor force on economic growth and productivity. They offer evidence on the scale of these challenges in Korea and the US and empirically evaluate how governments, employers, and individuals may respond to these issues in the years to come. Addressing fiscal sustainability and key social security programs, including the implications of the 2015 Korean pension reform and the economic difficulties entailed by the future of Medicare, this book investigates the implications of managing and sustaining welfare for an aging population. This cutting-edge book will be ideal reading for economists focusing on public policy and welfare programs, benefiting from the comparative approach to fiscal accountability and sustainability. It will also appeal to practitioners and policymakers seeking insights into the consequences of an aging population and hoping to develop innovative methods and approaches to welfare.
Flashpoint Epistemology Volume 2: Aporias of Complexity in Power, Politics and Methods in Education (Flashpoint Epistemology)
The 21st century is steeped in claims to interconnection, technological innovation, and new affective intensities amid challenges to the primacy and centrality of "the human". Flashpoint epistemology attends to the lived difficulties that arise in teaching, policymaking, curriculum, and research among continuous practices of differentiation, and for which there is no pre-existing template for judgment, resolution, or action. Flashpoint Epistemology Volume 2 brings creative sociopolitical research perspectives to flashpoints that emerge amid appeals to globalization, synoptic policy approaches, and new technologies – however defined. The chapters challenge prevailing notions of distance and difference, comparative philosophy, worlding practices, and contact zones. In the remaking of subjects, the unhoming of geopolitics, and new approaches to relationality, youth, and classrooms, complexities in preserving and questioning identity are laid bare and renovated. How technologies challenge and redefine racialization, engendering, and inter/nationalization are examined amid the reworking of oppression, success, well-being, politics, method, and power. The volume will be beneficial for researchers seeking new approaches to education’s complexities, nested discourses, and ever-moving horizons of enactment. It is also a key text for post/graduate students and teachers interested in technological impact, globality, policymaking, and new ways of conducting research in contexts of digitalization and social media.
Football and Diaspora: Connecting Dispersed Communities through the Global Game (Critical Research in Football)
This is the first book to examine football (soccer) through the lens of diaspora studies. Presenting case studies from across four continents, it considers how diasporic minorities develop a sense of belonging between their national and transnational ethnic communities through an active participation in football. Bringing together a cross-disciplinary group of scholars working in anthropology, communication, cultural studies, history, psychology, politics, sociology and sport, it unearths the connections between culture, identities, politics, nationalism, globalization, and how those manifest in the lived experience of diasporic peoples. Against a background of the continued internationalization of sport and pervasive global migration, it explores key themes in the social sciences including migration, acculturation, and assimilation; sport, identity, fandom, and representation; and nationhood, citizenship, and politics. As the book focuses on diverse ethnoreligious groups dispersed around the world, it covers a wide range of geographic locations, with cases addressing the Bolivian, Ethiopian, Moroccan, Zimbabwean, Croatian, Irish, and Basque diasporas. It is fascinating reading for anybody working in sport studies, diaspora studies, political science, sociology, cultural studies, international history or social history.
Forced Migration, Gender and Wellbeing: The Long-Term Effects of Displacement on Women
Reflecting on three decades of post-conflict recovery in the Balkans, this incisive book investigates the long-term effects of war displacement on women across Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, and Kosovo.Selma Porobic and Brad K. Blitz draw upon four different research streams produced by a large, cross-national, and multidisciplinary team of contributors to compare the experiences of different categories of war-uprooted and/or women forced migrants. Providing a gender-inclusive focus on psychosocial wellbeing, chapters consider the long-term impacts of complex trauma on internally displaced persons, returnees, and refugees throughout the whole cycle of displacement, return, and reintegration. Uncovering alarming risk and protective factors linked to protracted political and socioeconomic instability in the region, the book ultimately offers lessons for a wider post-war recovery framework that prioritises women’s agency, psychosocial health, and trans-generational recovery.Featuring interdisciplinary, cross-country, and multi-methods research, this insightful book will prove an invaluable resource to students and scholars of sociology, migration, gender, and human rights law. Its critical assessment of durable solutions for displaced populations will also benefit practitioners focused on peace building, humanitarianism, and development.
Forces of Education: Walter Benjamin and the Politics of Pedagogy (Walter Benjamin Studies)
Bringing Walter Benjamin into dialogue with the urgent issues facing educational institutions today, this is the first comprehensive exploration of his philosophy of education and pedagogy. In recent years, problems concerning the practice of education have become central to the critical discourse in the humanities: from debates regarding “deplatforming” and the redefinition of free speech on campus to the digitization of learning and the ethics of mentorship. But where do we go from here? This volume argues that Walter Benjamin's writing offers critical tools to rethink the purposes of education and the institutional forms it should assume. Reaching from his earliest writings during his involvement with the antebellum German Youth Movement to his late essays on history, theatre, and new media, the authors here explore how Benjamin argued against education as an institutional task subject to a scientific discipline. They show instead how he took his cue from language as a medium of subtle understanding to critically analyze the forms of violence inherent in the concept and history of education. For Benjamin, education was the lever to political reform. For him, the experience of youth should always be at the centre of considerations. Written by leading international scholars, Walter Benjamin and Education both contextualizes Benjamin's pedagogy in the trajectory of his own thought and also offers an astute analysis of the value and relevance of his student-focused ideas to the institutional and political challenges of today.
Forging a Socio-Legal Approach to Environmental Harms: Global Perspectives (Law, Justice and Ecology)
Environmental harms exert a significant toll and pose substantial economic costs on societies around the world. Although such harms have been studied from both legal and social science perspectives, these disciplinary-specific approaches are not, on their own, fully able to address the complexity of these environmental challenges. Many legal approaches, for example, are limited by their inattention to the motivations behind environmental offences, whereas many social science approaches are hindered by an insufficient grounding in current legislative frameworks. This edited collection constitutes a pioneering attempt to overcome these limitations by uniting legal and social science perspectives. Together, the book’s contributors forge an innovative socio-legal approach to more effectively respond to, and to prevent, environmental harms around the world. Integrating theoretical and empirical work, the book presents carefully selected illustrations of how legal and social science scholarship can be brought together to improve policies. The various chapters examine how a socio-legal approach can ultimately lead to a more comprehensive understanding of environmental harms, as well as to innovative and effective responses to such environmental offences.
Forgiveness and Its Moral Dimensions
Philosophical interest in forgiveness has seen a resurgence. This interest reflects, at least in part, a large body of new work in psychology, several newsworthy cases of institutional apology and forgiveness, and intense and increased attention to the practices surrounding responsibility, blame, and praise. In this book, some of the world's leading philosophers present twelve entirely new essays on forgiveness. Some contributors have been writing about forgiveness for decades. Others have taken the opportunity here to develop their thinking about forgiveness they broached in other work. For some contributors, this is their first time writing on forgiveness. While all the contributions address core questions about the nature and norms of forgiveness, they also collectively break new ground by raising entirely new questions, offering original proposals and arguments, and making connections to the topics of free will, moral responsibility, collective wrongdoing, apology, religion, and our emotions.
Forschen und Arbeiten im Kontext von Flucht: Reflexionslücken, Repräsentations- und Ethikfragen
Kernfragen in Bezug auf Kontextualisierung, Repräsentation, Verantwortung und Beziehung zu Geflüchteten sowohl in Forschungs- als auch in Arbeitsfeldern sind in Flucht-Migrationsforschungen bisher wenig thematisiert. Die Autorinnen und Autoren widmen sich diesen Reflexionslücken sowie grundlegenden Repräsentations- und Ethikfragen. Die breit aufgestellte, transdisziplinäre Ausrichtung macht den Sammelband für Forschende unterschiedlicher Disziplinen ebenso relevant wie für Studierende, Lehrende, Praktikerinnen und Praktiker.
Forum Markenforschung 2018: Tagungsband der internationalen Konferenz „DERMARKENTAG“
Dieser Sammelband spiegelt mit seinen 12 Beiträgen von Wissenschaftlern und Praktikern besonders treffend den Konferenzverlauf von DERMARKENTAG2018 wider. Diese Konferenz schafft eine Plattform, um dem Ansatz der ganzheitlichen und co-kreativen Markenführung Ausdruck und Bedeutung zu verleihen und den Austausch zwischen Wissenschaft und Praxis, auch in einem freundschaftlichen Netzwerk, zu vertiefen. DERMARKENTAG, der alle zwei Jahre an unterschiedlichen Orten stattfindet und immer durch eine Hochschule ausgerichtet wird, ist die einzige Veranstaltung zu diesem Thema im deutschsprachigen Raum, die durch einen doppelt-blinden Begutachtungsprozess aller Beiträge die Qualität der Inhalte sicherstellt.
Frankreich Jahrbuch 2019: Der Aachener Vertrag und das Deutsch-Französische Parlamentsabkommen (Frankreich Jahrbuch)
Warum ein neuer deutsch-französischer Grundlagenvertrag? Und was bringt ein „Parlamentsabkommen“ zwischen zwei Staaten? Das Frankreichjahrbuch 2019 stellt der Sichtweise verantwortlicher Politikerinnen und Politiker die Analyse von Beamten und Praktikern der Kooperation gegenüber. So entsteht ein Überblick über die neuen Möglichkeiten und Aufgabenfelder deutsch-französischer Politik, zwischen Anspruch und Wirklichkeit. Neben außen- und sicherheitspolitischen Beiträgen liegen Schwerpunkte auf den Wirtschaftsbeziehungen und der Bedeutung der neuen deutsch-französischen Dynamik für die Grenzgebiete.
Frauen und Männer in der zweiten Lebenshälfte: Älterwerden im sozialen Wandel
Das vorliegende Open Access-Buch stellt einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur längsschnittlichen Sozialberichterstattung zum Thema Altern und Geschlecht und zur sozial- und verhaltenswissenschaftlichen Alternsforschung dar. Auf Basis der Erhebungen des Deutschen Alterssurveys (DEAS) von 1996 bis 2017 werden Veränderungen in zentralen Lebensbereichen über eine größere Altersspanne analysiert. Der Deutsche Alterssurvey ist eine bevölkerungsrepräsentative Längsschnittstudie mit Frauen und Männern, die 40 Jahre und älter sind. Er wird vom Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend (BMFSFJ) finanziert und vom Deutschen Zentrum für Altersfragen (DZA) durchgeführt.Die Herausgeber: Die Herausgeberin und die Herausgeber arbeiten am Deutschen Zentrum für Altersfragen (DZA), einem auf dem Gebiet der sozial- und verhaltenswissenschaftlichen Gerontologie tätigen Forschungsinstitut. Dr. Claudia Vogel ist Soziologin und Leiterin des Deutschen Alterssurveys (DEAS). Dr. Markus Wettstein ist Psychologe und stellvertretender Leiter des Deutschen Alterssurveys (DEAS). Prof. Dr. Clemens Tesch-Römer ist Psychologe und Leiter des Deutschen Zentrums für Altersfragen (DZA).
Freiwilliges Engagement in Deutschland: Der Deutsche Freiwilligensurvey 2019 (Empirische Studien zum bürgerschaftlichen Engagement)
Das Open Access Buch bietet eine aktuelle Bestandsaufnahme zum freiwilligen Engagement in Deutschland. Die Ergebnisse basieren auf dem Deutschen Freiwilligensurvey, der zum fünften Mal im Jahr 2019 durchgeführt wurde und vom Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend (BMFSFJ) gefördert wird. Die Autor:innen klären Fragen wie: Wer engagiert sich aus welchen Beweggründen? Wie ist freiwilliges Engagement ausgestaltet und wie hat sich freiwilliges Engagement gewandelt? Wie gestaltet sich der Zusammenhang von politischer Partizipation sowie Einstellungen zur Demokratie mit dem freiwilligen Engagement?
From Globalization to World Society: Neo-Institutional and Systems-Theoretical Perspectives (Routledge Advances in Sociology)
Since the 1970s, various sociological approaches have tried to understand and conceptualize "the global," yet few of them have systematically addressed the full spectrum of social relationships. Prominent exponents of the global approach - such as world systems analysis - instead have focused on particular domains such as politics or the economy. Under the label of "world society," however, some authors have suggested alternatives to the predominant equivocation of society and the nation-state. The contributions to this volume share that objective and take their point of departure from the two most ambitious projects of a theory of world society: world polity research and systems theory, mapping out the common ground and assessing their potential to inform empirical analyses of globalization.
From Individual to Collective Intentionality: New Essays
Many of the things we do, we do together with other people. Think of carpooling and playing tennis. In the past two or three decades it has become increasingly popular to analyze such collective actions in terms of collective intentions. This volume brings together ten new philosophical essays that address issues such as how individuals succeed in maintaining coordination throughout the performance of a collective action, whether groups can actually believe propositions or whether they merely accept them, and what kind of evidence, if any, disciplines such as cognitive science and semantics provide in support of irreducibly collective states. The theories of the Big Four of collective intentionality -- Michael Bratman, Raimo Tuomela, John Searle, and Margaret Gilbert -- and the Big Five of Social Ontology -- which in addition to the Big Four includes Philip Pettit -- play a central role in almost all of these essays. Drawing on insights from a wide range of disciplines including dynamical systems theory, economics, and psychology, the contributors develop existing theories, criticize them, or provide alternatives to them. Several essays challenge the idea that there is a straightforward dichotomy between individual and collective level rationality, and explore the interplay between these levels in order to shed new light on the alleged discontinuities between them. These contributions make abundantly clear that it is no longer an option simply to juxtapose analyses of individual and collective level phenomena and maintain that there is a discrepancy. Some go as far as arguing that on closer inspection the alleged discontinuities dissolve
Gemeinschaftliche Wohnformen zwischen Entfremdung und Resonanz: Zur Lage der wohnenden Klasse in Trier
Die in dem diesem Band vereinten Überlegungen, Aufsätze und Beiträge präsentieren anhand konkreter Beispiele die unterschiedlichen Forschungsperspektiven zu gemeinschaftlichen Wohnformen.Wohnen ist nicht nur Schutz vor Kälte und Regen oder ein Platz zum Schlafen. Wohnen vermittelt auch Gemeinschaft – sei dies primär im Bereich der Familie oder erweitert in der Nachbarschaft und Gemeinschaft. Nicht überall werden diese Funktionen aber gleich gut erfüllt.Anhand verschiedener Fallstudien soll untersucht werden, unter welchen Bedingungen gutes, resonantes Wohnen gelingt und wann es eher zu entfremdeten Wohnformen kommt.
Gender and Popular Visual Culture in India: ‘Benevolent’ Sexism and Disguised Discrimination
Perhaps, male-mindedness seems to have adapted to changing-contemporary circumstances to become more covert and conspiratorial. Sexist suggestions—through objectification and substantiated subordination—for instance, may have been explicit in Indian media a decade earlier. But in the contemporary times of online social media and vociferous feminism, such openness of unfairness against women in the media will, more often than not, be met with strife and unpalatable backlash—fearing which blatant prejudice is prudently steered clear of. It is, hence, understandable that patriarchy, to sustain itself as a culture, has adapted to become more benevolent in an increasingly hostile environment. To identify such sly and stealthy sexism embedded in media content, one may need a reconfigured grasp of contemporary feminist issues and an altered nuance for isolation and identification of discriminatory depictions. This book exposes redefined and hidden sexism that predominates the popular visual culture of India—particularly investigating mass and new media representations that are a prime part of and have a domineering effect on the ensemble of popular visual culture—and characterises contemporary feminist movements. It binds a collection of contemporary Indian case studies of sexism and feminism encompassing communication media such as print, cinema, television, Web series and social media. There is a lack of book titles that study media sexism in the present times, and the proposed book aims to explore an unexplored area that is of social and scholarly importance. This book highlights the duality of media platforms: while media is a critical tool associated with fourth-wave feminism, they still remain to be a deterrent to the development of women engendering inherent and age-old patriarchal notions. This book will be an eye-opener to the general readers about benevolent sexism and train them to identify sexism hidden in seemingly pro-women media representations.