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The Red Sea Region: Local Actors and the Superpowers (Routledge Library Editions: Politics of the Middle East)

Since the late 1970s the Red Sea has become extremely important both in international politics and regional affairs. This situation came about because of the growing Soviet presence in the Horn of Africa and Saudi efforts to have the Red Sea treated as an ‘Arab Lake’. This book, first published in 1985, examines the development of the Red Sea as a significant problem in superpower relations and assesses its relative importance in the context of other conflicts in the Gulf and elsewhere in the Third World. It analyses Soviet interests in the Red Sea area and examines its record in seeking to intervene in the domestic politics of the region. The book also discusses the degree of regional stability in the Red Sea both in terms of inter-Arab relations and Afro-Arab regulations. This issue is considered against the background of the security of the Nile valley. In conclusion the book argues that Saudi Arabia’s regional policies aimed at enhancing internal and external security have proved destabilizing and in a way even adventurous. By fermenting Somali nationalism Saudi Arabia hoped to push the Soviets out of the Red Sea. In fact this policy reinforced the Soviet presence in the Horn of Africa. Similarly, Saudi Arabia’s regular interference in the domestic affairs of North Yemen may well prove extremely counter-productive. The book argues that the West’s preoccupation with the region would lessen considerably if Saudi Arabia and Egypt would promote policies of cooperation, rather than destabilization at both inter-Arab and Afro-Arab levels.

Reflections on Population

Reflections on Population is written by a former Executive Director of the United Nations Fund for Population Activities, which is a sequel to International Population Assistance: The First Decade, released in 1979. This book mainly focuses on providing reflections on the work of the UN Fund. Specifically, it tackles population growth and structure, fertility, women’s status, family, and morbidity and mortality. Programs spearheaded by the Fund in promoting knowledge and implementation of population policies and programs are then presented and discussed. This text will be very invaluable to those interested in studying population.

Religion, Rebellion, Revolution: An Interdisciplinary and Cross-Cultural Collection of Essays

Papers from a symposium on "Religion and revolution," held at the University of Minnesota, 6-8 Nov. 1981.

Reporters Under Fire: U.s. Media Coverage Of Conflicts In Lebanon And Central America

News media professionals, especially those covering political events or wars, are often accused of distorting the news or presenting biased and superficial analyses. Coverage of the recent conflicts in Central America and the Middle East has been especially controversial. In this volume, which is based on a series of seminars sponsored by the Institute for the Study of Diplomacy at Georgetown University, experienced journalists and media critics assess the complaints about coverage and the defenses the media marshall against those complaints. They explore the dilemmas that democratic societies face in trying to preserve traditional freedom of expression while pursuing political goals in ways that may involve the use of force. By analyzing the political impact of television coverage of battlefield scenes and the practical limitations and difficulties under which the media must work, the authors illuminate the powerful role of the media in the shaping of American politics, including diplomatic and military policies.

Reporters Under Fire: U.s. Media Coverage Of Conflicts In Lebanon And Central America

News media professionals, especially those covering political events or wars, are often accused of distorting the news or presenting biased and superficial analyses. Coverage of the recent conflicts in Central America and the Middle East has been especially controversial. In this volume, which is based on a series of seminars sponsored by the Institute for the Study of Diplomacy at Georgetown University, experienced journalists and media critics assess the complaints about coverage and the defenses the media marshall against those complaints. They explore the dilemmas that democratic societies face in trying to preserve traditional freedom of expression while pursuing political goals in ways that may involve the use of force. By analyzing the political impact of television coverage of battlefield scenes and the practical limitations and difficulties under which the media must work, the authors illuminate the powerful role of the media in the shaping of American politics, including diplomatic and military policies.

Research And Development: Linkages To Production In Developing Countries

While many developing countries rapidly expanded their scientific and technological capabilities during the 1960s and 1970s, the current international economic crisis has severely threatened these programs and the developing world has staggered under its debt burden. These economic difficulties highlight the need to utilize effectively the limited scientific and technological resources available. In this volume, an international group of experts explore ways to organize research and development programs; create flexible and appropriate linkages to promote supplier user interactions at national, regional, and international levels; and design policy instruments to encourage and finance research and development.Three case studies illustrate all these aspects of research and development.The contributors also· outline suggestions for pioneer projects in such areas as a technological services delivery system for small industries; a local technology system for rural areas; a fund-syndicating technology delivery system for later enterprises and investors; linkages to improved productivity in under-utilized capacity; and identifications of needs in the least-developed countries.

Research And Development: Linkages To Production In Developing Countries

While many developing countries rapidly expanded their scientific and technological capabilities during the 1960s and 1970s, the current international economic crisis has severely threatened these programs and the developing world has staggered under its debt burden. These economic difficulties highlight the need to utilize effectively the limited scientific and technological resources available. In this volume, an international group of experts explore ways to organize research and development programs; create flexible and appropriate linkages to promote supplier user interactions at national, regional, and international levels; and design policy instruments to encourage and finance research and development.Three case studies illustrate all these aspects of research and development.The contributors also· outline suggestions for pioneer projects in such areas as a technological services delivery system for small industries; a local technology system for rural areas; a fund-syndicating technology delivery system for later enterprises and investors; linkages to improved productivity in under-utilized capacity; and identifications of needs in the least-developed countries.

A Research Primer for the Social and Behavioral Sciences

A Research Primer for the Social and Behavioral Sciences provides an introductory but comprehensive overview of the research process that primarily concerns human subjects.This book discusses the methods of acquiring knowledge, importance of a well-chosen problem, review of the literature, and relationship between theory-building and hypothesis-testing. The common sources of invalidity in practice, non-experimental research types, Stevens' classification of scales, and estimation based on probabilistic sampling are also elaborated. This text likewise covers the role of computer in research, techniques for analysis of data, univariate and bivariate statistics, and assumptions underlying analysis of variance. Other topics include the canonical correlation analysis, non-parametric analysis of variance, deterministic problem analysis techniques, and common errors in presentation of findings.This publication is intended for novice investigators in the broad category of social and behavioral sciences.

Retraining for the Elderly Disabled (Routledge Revivals)

Many elderly patients have long-term physical disability and in order for them to maintain a certain level of independence either in hospital or in the community, great attention must be paid to devising programmes to overcome problems and enhance residual abilities.Originally published in 1985, the programme described in this book had developed over the previous 25 years at the Royal Newcastle Hospital in Australia. It grew in response to the practical needs of patients who, having been treated by conventional means, were left with residual disabilities to a degree that their successful return to the community was jeopardised. The retraining programme described is a problem-solving process, coordinated under one director, combined with close teamwork between staff, the patient and relatives. Throughout, attention is paid to social and psychological factors as well as physical problems, when discussing physical retraining methods involving the repetition of routine movements.

Retraining for the Elderly Disabled (Routledge Revivals)

Many elderly patients have long-term physical disability and in order for them to maintain a certain level of independence either in hospital or in the community, great attention must be paid to devising programmes to overcome problems and enhance residual abilities.Originally published in 1985, the programme described in this book had developed over the previous 25 years at the Royal Newcastle Hospital in Australia. It grew in response to the practical needs of patients who, having been treated by conventional means, were left with residual disabilities to a degree that their successful return to the community was jeopardised. The retraining programme described is a problem-solving process, coordinated under one director, combined with close teamwork between staff, the patient and relatives. Throughout, attention is paid to social and psychological factors as well as physical problems, when discussing physical retraining methods involving the repetition of routine movements.

Routledge Revivals: Rural Radicalism in Norfolk 1870-1923 (Routledge Revivals: History Workshop Series)

First published in 1985, this book presents the first detailed account of the relationship between the farmworkers, trades unionism, and political and social radicalism. Rural radicalism, one of the most important new features of late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century politics, was particularly strong in Norfolk and as such provides the focus for this study. The author shows the how relationship between ‘master and man’ and ‘man’ and ‘work’ was changing in the period from the 1870s to the 1920s — ending with the great strike of 1923. The main themes are the shifts from religion to politics, from Liberalism to Labour, and in more general terms from local to national consciousness. The book shows men at work and the ways in which politics meshed — or failed to mesh — together. Based on detailed local research and on many hours of recorded interviews, it enables the voice of the labourer to be heard, and a real sense of hope, fear and aspiration to come through.

Routledge Revivals: Rural Radicalism in Norfolk 1870-1923 (Routledge Revivals: History Workshop Series)

First published in 1985, this book presents the first detailed account of the relationship between the farmworkers, trades unionism, and political and social radicalism. Rural radicalism, one of the most important new features of late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century politics, was particularly strong in Norfolk and as such provides the focus for this study. The author shows the how relationship between ‘master and man’ and ‘man’ and ‘work’ was changing in the period from the 1870s to the 1920s — ending with the great strike of 1923. The main themes are the shifts from religion to politics, from Liberalism to Labour, and in more general terms from local to national consciousness. The book shows men at work and the ways in which politics meshed — or failed to mesh — together. Based on detailed local research and on many hours of recorded interviews, it enables the voice of the labourer to be heard, and a real sense of hope, fear and aspiration to come through.

Routledge Revivals: An Ethnomethodological Study of Australian Aboriginal People (Directions in Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis)

First published in 1985, this book gives an intimate account of the cultural-political conflict between Australian Aboriginal people and Anglo-Australians, presenting the Australian social world from the perspective of the Aboriginal person. Adopting a rigorous ethnomethodological analysis and the techniques of ethnolinguistics, Liberman looks at the interactional detail of the everyday life of traditionally oriented Australian Aboriginals. He uses tape transcripts of actual interaction to identify chief characteristics of Aboriginal social life. Liberman goes on to show how differences in systems of interaction have influenced relations between Australian Aboriginals and Anglo-Australians. With its account of the politics of cultural conflict in a multi-cultural environment, this book is an apt extension of ethnomethodological issues to political concerns. It also exposes Aboriginal perceptions of Anglo-Australian/Aboriginal interaction to a degree not previously achieved in any sociological or anthropological study. As such, this book will be a valuable case study to students of social anthropology, race relations, intercultural communication and sociolinguistics.

Routledge Revivals: An Ethnomethodological Study of Australian Aboriginal People (Directions in Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis)

First published in 1985, this book gives an intimate account of the cultural-political conflict between Australian Aboriginal people and Anglo-Australians, presenting the Australian social world from the perspective of the Aboriginal person. Adopting a rigorous ethnomethodological analysis and the techniques of ethnolinguistics, Liberman looks at the interactional detail of the everyday life of traditionally oriented Australian Aboriginals. He uses tape transcripts of actual interaction to identify chief characteristics of Aboriginal social life. Liberman goes on to show how differences in systems of interaction have influenced relations between Australian Aboriginals and Anglo-Australians. With its account of the politics of cultural conflict in a multi-cultural environment, this book is an apt extension of ethnomethodological issues to political concerns. It also exposes Aboriginal perceptions of Anglo-Australian/Aboriginal interaction to a degree not previously achieved in any sociological or anthropological study. As such, this book will be a valuable case study to students of social anthropology, race relations, intercultural communication and sociolinguistics.

Routledge Revivals: A Rational Perspective (Routledge Revivals)

First published in 1985, this book provides a stimulating series of inter-connected essays which address the theme of shame, which, unlike the problem of conscience, has been seldom discussed by moral philosophers. The essays focus on the ethical regulation of human action and judgement, examining both its constant and varying elements and concentrating on contemporary types of moral regulation. Professor Heller uses Aristotelian categories, such as the good life, in her discourse to present a new conception of rationality, distinguishing between shame regulation and conscience regulation of moral conduct, and arguing that shame regulation cannot be completely overcome even in an age of rationalism.

Routledge Revivals: A Rational Perspective (Routledge Revivals)

First published in 1985, this book provides a stimulating series of inter-connected essays which address the theme of shame, which, unlike the problem of conscience, has been seldom discussed by moral philosophers. The essays focus on the ethical regulation of human action and judgement, examining both its constant and varying elements and concentrating on contemporary types of moral regulation. Professor Heller uses Aristotelian categories, such as the good life, in her discourse to present a new conception of rationality, distinguishing between shame regulation and conscience regulation of moral conduct, and arguing that shame regulation cannot be completely overcome even in an age of rationalism.

Routledge Revivals: Language, Gender and Childhood (Routledge Revivals: History Workshop Series)

First published in 1985, this book brings together recent work on women and children from the nineteenth-century to the present. The contributors explore in different ways, and from different points of view, the way in which issues of language have been — and are still — central to the history of women and their relation to domestic and educational practices. A crucial issue is the contrast between what it spoken about girls and women, and what girls and women can speak about. The contributors relate this theme specifically to women’s position as mothers and the education of girls and women.

Routledge Revivals: Language, Gender and Childhood (Routledge Revivals: History Workshop Series)

First published in 1985, this book brings together recent work on women and children from the nineteenth-century to the present. The contributors explore in different ways, and from different points of view, the way in which issues of language have been — and are still — central to the history of women and their relation to domestic and educational practices. A crucial issue is the contrast between what it spoken about girls and women, and what girls and women can speak about. The contributors relate this theme specifically to women’s position as mothers and the education of girls and women.

Routledge Revivals: Painting, Language and Modernity (1985)

First published in 1985, this book draws together the author’s artistic with analytical practices which had been developed over many years of sociological enquiry. It interprets a ‘work of art’ as a site on which a viewer or critic is invited to share in questioning celebration of the painting itself. The author reassesses modern painting’s relation to its own origins and to tradition in light of the emergence of ‘postmodern’ practice — exploring its engagement of fundamental questions about language and being. Also assessed is the relevance of the metaphors of writings and Reading to an understanding of painting and viewing practices — looking at painters’ writings as well as phenomenological and post-structuralist writers.

Routledge Revivals: Painting, Language and Modernity (1985)

First published in 1985, this book draws together the author’s artistic with analytical practices which had been developed over many years of sociological enquiry. It interprets a ‘work of art’ as a site on which a viewer or critic is invited to share in questioning celebration of the painting itself. The author reassesses modern painting’s relation to its own origins and to tradition in light of the emergence of ‘postmodern’ practice — exploring its engagement of fundamental questions about language and being. Also assessed is the relevance of the metaphors of writings and Reading to an understanding of painting and viewing practices — looking at painters’ writings as well as phenomenological and post-structuralist writers.

Rundfunk und Kulturpolitik: Ein Beitrag zur Kultursoziologie (Kunst und Kommunikation #5)

Rural Community Studies in Europe: Trends, Selected and Annotated Bibliographies, Analyses

Rural Community Studies in Europe: Trends, Selected and Annotated Bibliographies, Analyses, Volume 3 examines trends as well as the different schools of thought, the various methods applied, and the differing attitudes toward the problems of rural communities in Europe. Rural community studies in Austria, Denmark, Greece, Yugoslavia, and the USSR are presented. This volume is comprised of five chapters and begins with a historical overview of rural community studies in Austria, paying particular attention to village studies. The discussion then turns to trends and developments in Denmark, Greece, Yugoslavia, and the USSR. Although the rural community studies examined are very different, a common framework is used for their presentation based on the following: circumstances, orientations and method; ecology; demography; agricultural economy; non-agricultural economy; family and kinship; domestic group; way of life, collective behavior; ideology and social regulations; communications; groups, classes and social stratification, institutions; global system. Each chapter is followed by an annotated bibliography. This book will be of value to sociologists, social scientists, and scholars interested in rural communities.

Rural Energy To Meet Development Needs: Asian Village Approaches

This volume had its origin at a conference held in 1978 at the East- West Center that considered the short- and long-term energy problems of the Asia-Pacific region. That group of national energy policymakers, scientists, and technologists agreed that providing adequate energy for the rural areas of the developing countries looms large as one of the more critical problems of the region. Encouraged by this consensus, the East-West Resource Systems Institute obtained a grant from the Agency for International Development for the purpose of initiating a collaborative, multi-country study of rural energy problems. The National Research Council of Thailand and the East-West Center agreed to work closely together as twin foci for the coordination of the effort.

Rural Energy To Meet Development Needs: Asian Village Approaches

This volume had its origin at a conference held in 1978 at the East- West Center that considered the short- and long-term energy problems of the Asia-Pacific region. That group of national energy policymakers, scientists, and technologists agreed that providing adequate energy for the rural areas of the developing countries looms large as one of the more critical problems of the region. Encouraged by this consensus, the East-West Resource Systems Institute obtained a grant from the Agency for International Development for the purpose of initiating a collaborative, multi-country study of rural energy problems. The National Research Council of Thailand and the East-West Center agreed to work closely together as twin foci for the coordination of the effort.

Rural Migration In Developing Nations: Comparative Studies Of Korea, Sri Lanka, And Mali

What is the relationship between migration and rural social structure? How does the selective movement out of rural areas affect the economic and social conditions of migrants, their families, and their places of origin? Addressing these and other questions, the contributors to this book consider rural migration patterns in the context of social change and economic development in three less developed nations: Korea, Sri Lanka, and Mali. Through comparative analysis the authors reveal both the diversity and the cross-national similarities of rural migration, offering theoretical bases for its interpretation and pointing to policy implications for developing areas.