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Signaling and Communication in Plant Symbiosis (Signaling and Communication in Plants #11)
by Silvia Perotto and František BaluškaA multiplicity of biotrophic micro-organisms interact with plants in nature, forming symbiotic relationships that range from mutualism to antagonism. Microorganisms that have adopted biotrophy as a lifestyle are able to colonize the plant and often to cross the plant cell boundaries by forming intracellular structures that are the site of nutrient uptake/exchange. To establish themselves within plant tissues, both mutualistic and pathogenic biotrophs need to overcome the plant defense response through an exchange of molecular signals. Our knowledge of the nature of these signals and their function in the interaction has rapidly increased over the last few years. This volume focuses on the genetic, molecular and cellular components involved in the communication between partners of well-known symbioses, but also reports on the advances for less studied systems.
Dynamic Response of Pre-Stressed Spatially Curved Thin-Walled Beams of Open Profile (SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology)
by Yury A. Rossikhin Marina ShitikovaThis short book analyses the dynamic stability with respect to small perturbations, as well as the local damage of geometrically nonlinear elastic, spatially curved, open section beams with axial precompression. Transient waves, which are the surfaces of strong discontinuity and wherein the stress and strain fields experience discontinuities, are used as small perturbations; in so doing the discontinuities are considered to be of small magnitude. Such waves are initiated during low-velocity impacts upon thin-walled beams. The theory of discontinuities and the method of ray expansions which allow one to find the desired fields behind the fronts of the transient waves in terms of discontinuities in time-derivatives of the values to be found, are used as the methods of solution for short-time dynamic processes. The example of using the ray expansions for analyzing the impact response of spatially curved thin-walled beams of open profile is demonstrated by solving the problem about the normal impact of an elastic hemispherical-nosed rod upon an elastic arch representing itself a channel-beam curved along an arc of the circumference. The influence of the initial stresses on the dynamic fields has been investigated.
Reliability Engineering: Basic Concepts and Applications in ICT
by Massimo LazzaroniThis book gives a practical guide for designers and users in Information and Communication Technology context. In particular, in the first Section, the definition of the fundamental terms according to the international standards are given. Then, some theoretical concepts and reliability models are presented in Chapters 2 and 3: the aim is to evaluate performance for components and systems and reliability growth. Chapter 4, by introducing the laboratory tests, puts in evidence the reliability concept from the experimental point of view. In ICT context, the failure rate for a given system can be evaluate by means of specific reliability prediction handbooks; this aspect is considered in Chapter 5, with practical applications. In Chapters 6, 7 and 8, the more complex aspects regarding both the Maintainability, Availability and Dependability are taken into account; in particular, some fundamental techniques such as FMECA (Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis) and FTA (Fault Tree Analysis) are presented with examples for reparable systems.
Biodiversity Hotspots: Distribution and Protection of Conservation Priority Areas
by Frank E. Zachos and Jan Christian HabelBiodiversity and its conservation are among the main global topics in science and politics and perhaps the major challenge for the present and coming generations. This book written by international experts from different disciplines comprises general chapters on diversity and its measurement, human impacts on biodiversity hotspots on a global scale, human diversity itself and various geographic regions exhibiting high levels of diversity. The areas covered range from genetics and taxonomy to evolutionary biology, biogeography and the social sciences. In addition to the classic hotspots in the tropics, the book also highlights various other ecosystems harbouring unique species communities including coral reefs and the Southern Ocean. The approach taken considers, but is not limited to, the original hotspot definition sensu stricto and presents a chapter introducing the 35th hotspot, the forests of East Australia. While, due to a bias in data availability, the majority of contributions on particular taxa deal with vertebrates and plants, some also deal with the less-studied invertebrates. This book will be essential reading for anyone involved with biodiversity, particularly researchers and practitioners in the fields of conservation biology, ecology and evolution.
Lanthanide Luminescence: Photophysical, Analytical and Biological Aspects (Springer Series on Fluorescence #7)
by Pekka Hänninen and Harri HärmäLanthanides have fascinated scientists for more than two centuries now, and since efficient separation techniques were established roughly 50 years ago, they have increasingly found their way into industrial exploitation and our everyday lives. Numerous applications are based on their unique luminescent properties, which are highlighted in this volume. It presents established knowledge about the photophysical basics, relevant lanthanide probes or materials, and describes instrumentation-related aspects including chemical and physical sensors. The uses of lanthanides in bioanalysis and medicine are outlined, such as assays for in vitro diagnostics and research. All chapters were compiled by renowned scientists with a broad audience in mind, providing both beginners in the field and advanced researchers with comprehensive information on on the given subject.
Functional Imaging and Modeling of the Heart: 6th International Conference, FIMH 2011, New York City, NY, USA, May 25-27, 2011, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #6666)
by Dimitris N. Metaxas Leon AxelThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Functional Imaging and Modeling of the Heart, held in New York City, NY, USA in May 2011. The 24 revised full papers presented together with 29 revised poster papers were carefully reviewed and selected from about 120 initial submissions. The contributions feature current research and development efforts in the fields of cardiovascular modeling, physiology, and image-based analysis, at a range of scales and imaging methods. Topics addresses are such as imaging, signal and image processing, applied mathematics, biomedical engineering and computer science; biologically oriented fields such as cardiac physiology and biology; as well as clinical issues such as cardiology, radiology and surgery, with a common interest in the heart.
Diffusion MRI Outside the Brain: A Case-Based Review and Clinical Applications
by Antonio Luna Ramón Ribes Jorge A. SotoRecent advances in MR technology permit the application of diffusion MRI outside of the brain. In this book, the authors present cases drawn from daily clinical practice to illustrate the role of diffusion sequences, along with other morphological and functional MRI information, in the work-up of a variety of frequently encountered oncological and non-oncological diseases. Breast, musculoskeletal, whole-body, and other applications are covered in detail, with careful explanation of the pros and cons of diffusion MRI in each circumstance. Quantification and post-processing are discussed, and advice is provided on how to acquire state of the art images, and avoid artifacts, when using 1.5- and 3-T magnets. Applications likely to emerge in the near future, such as for screening, are also reviewed. The practical approach adopted by the authors, combined with the wealth of high-quality illustrations, ensure that this book will be of great value to practitioners.
Bacteria in Agrobiology: Plant Nutrient Management
by Dinesh K. K. MaheshwariThe future of agriculture strongly depends on our ability to enhance productivity without sacrificing long-term production potential. An ecologically and economically sustainable strategy is the application of microorganisms, such as the diverse bacterial species of plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB). The use of these bio-resources for the enhancement of crop productivity is gaining worldwide importance.“Bacteria in Agrobiology: Plant Nutrient Management” focus on the management of plant nutrient to support plant growth and development. The topics treated in this book include mechanisms of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, zinc and phosphate solubilizing microorganisms, sulfur oxidizing bacteria, ACC deaminase, siderophores, phytohormones, quorum-sensing, biofilms, antibiotics, volatiles, denitrification and integrated nutrient management.
Integrative Production Technology for High-Wage Countries
by Christian BrecherIndustrial production in high-wage countries like Germany is still at risk. Yet, there are many counter-examples in which producing companies dominate their competitors by not only compensating for their specific disadvantages in terms of factor costs (e.g. wages, energy, duties and taxes) but rather by minimising waste using synchronising integrativity as well as by obtaining superior adaptivity on alternating conditions. In order to respond to the issue of economic sustainability of industrial production in high-wage countries, the leading production engineering and material research scientists of RWTH Aachen University together with renowned companies have established the Cluster of Excellence “Integrative Production Technology for High-Wage Countries”. This compendium comprises the cluster’s scientific results as well as a selection of business and technology cases, in which these results have been successfully implemented into industrial practice in close cooperation with more than 30 companies of the industrial production sector.
Ribonucleases (Nucleic Acids and Molecular Biology)
by Allen W. W. NicholsonRibonucleases are a ubiquitous and functionally diverse group of enzymes that have a common ability to cleave RNA. Either through scission of internal phosphodiesters, or removal of nucleotides from RNA 5’ or 3’ ends, ribonucleases perform essential roles in gene expression and regulation, genome replication and maintenance, host defense, stress response, and viral strategies of infection. Ribonucleases have also served as highly informative models to understand virtually every aspect of biomolecular structure and function. The fifteen chapters in this volume are written by recognized researchers in the field, and provide in-depth analyses of the major ribonuclease families. Particular focus is given to the relation of ribonuclease structure and mechanism to biological function, as well as ribonuclease dysfunction in certain disease states. Other topics include the evolutionary genetics and functional diversification of ribonucleases, engineered ribonucleases as anti-cancer agents, the mechanisms of action of artificial ribonucleases, and ribonucleases as models to understand protein folding and stability. This volume should serve as an essential reference for a broad range of researchers and educators with interests in RNA metabolism, enzymology, and gene regulation.
Die Ärztliche Begutachtung: Rechtsfragen, Funktionsprüfungen, Beurteilungen
by E. FritzeDie Erstellung eines medizinisches Gutachtens erfordert ein enormes Fachwissen von den einzelnen Fachdisziplinen. Das Standardwerk für ärztliche Gutachter erscheint nun in der 8., komplett aktualisierten Auflage und gilt als unverzichtbares Nachschlagewerk: - Anordnung der medizinischen Kapitel nach Organsystemen- Konsequente Strukturierung nach Epidemiologie, Kernsymptomenm Ätiopathogenese, Therapie option und Prognose- Angaben zur Evidenz und Leistungsfähigkeit von Menschen gemäß der ICF- Umfangreiches Stichwortverzeichnis zum NachschlagenEs bietet Ärzten als Gutachter, Sachverständige und Berater der sozialrechtlichen Institutionen, Gerichte und Versicherungen gutachtliches Wissen und umfassende Übersicht über die rechtlichen Voraussetzungen und das Fachwissen aller medizinischen Fachgebiete – von der Frage der Berentung wegen Erwerbsminderung und den Berufskrankheiten über die Arzthaftung bis zur Frage der Schuldfähigkeit.
Computational Mechanisms of Au and Pt Catalyzed Reactions (Topics in Current Chemistry #302)
by Elena Soriano and José Marco-ContellesStructure, Bonding, and Reactivity of Reactant Complexes and Key Intermediates, by Elena Soriano and José Marco-Contelles.-Cycloisomerization of 1,n-Enynes Via Carbophilic Activation, by Patrick Yves Toullec and Véronique Michelet.- DFT-Based Mechanistic Insights into Noble Metal-Catalyzed Rearrangement of Propargylic Derivatives: Chirality Transfer Processes, by Olalla Nieto Faza and Angel R. de Lera.-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Au, Pd, and Pt as Effective Catalysts in Organic Synthesis, by Andrea Correa, Steven P. Nolan and Luigi Cavallo.-Activation of Allenes by Gold Complexes: A Theoretical Standpoint, by Max Malacria, Louis Fensterbank and Vincent Gandon.-Heterocyclization of Allenes Catalyzed by Late Transition Metals: Mechanisms and Regioselectivity, by Benito Alcaide, Pedro Almendros, Teresa Martínez del Campo, Elena Soriano and José Marco-Contelles.-Gold-Catalyzed Cycloadditions Involving Allenes: Mechanistic Insights from Theoretical Studies, by Sergi Montserrat, Gregori Ujaque, Fernando López, José L. Mascareñas and Agustí Lledós.-
Network Economics and the Allocation of Savings: A Model of Peering in the Voice-over-IP Telecommunications Market (Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems #653)
by Philipp ServatiusThis book provides a game theoretic model of interaction among VoIP telecommunications providers regarding their willingness to enter peering agreements with one another. The author shows that the incentive to peer is generally based on savings from otherwise payable long distance fees. At the same time, termination fees can have a countering and dominant effect, resulting in an environment in which VoIP firms decide against peering. Various scenarios of peering and rules for allocation of the savings are considered. The first part covers the relevant aspects of game theory and network theory, trying to give an overview of the concepts required in the subsequent application. The second part of the book introduces first a model of how the savings from peering can be calculated and then turns to the actual formation of peering relationships between VoIP firms. The conditions under which firms are willing to peer are then described, considering the possible influence of a regulatory body.
New Developments in Sensing Technology for Structural Health Monitoring (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #96)
by Subhas Chandra MukhopadhyayThe book has focussed on the different aspects of sensing technology, i.e. high reliability, adaptability, recalibration, information processing, data fusion, validation and integration of novel and high performance sensors specifically aims to use to inspect mechanical health of structure and similar applications. This book is dedicated to Sensing systems for Structural Health Monitoring offers to variety of users, namely, Master and PhD degree students, researchers, practitioners, especially Civil and Construction engineers. The book will provide an opportunity of a dedicated and a deep approach in order to improve their knowledge in this specific field.
Wild Crop Relatives: Industrial Crops
by Chittaranjan KoleWild crop relatives are now playing a significant part in the elucidation and improvement of the genomes of their cultivated counterparts. This work includes comprehensive examinations of the status, origin, distribution, morphology, cytology, genetic diversity and available genetic and genomic resources of numerous wild crop relatives, as well as of their evolution and phylogenetic relationship. Further topics include their role as model plants, genetic erosion and conservation efforts, and their domestication for the purposes of bioenergy, phytomedicines, nutraceuticals and phytoremediation.Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources comprises 10 volumes on Cereals, Millets and Grasses, Oilseeds, Legume Crops and Forages, Vegetables, Temperate Fruits, Tropical and Subtropical Fruits, Industrial Crops, Plantation and Ornamental Crops, and Forest Trees. It contains 125 chapters written by nearly 400 well-known authors from about 40 countries.
Aralkum - a Man-Made Desert: The Desiccated Floor of the Aral Sea (Central Asia) (Ecological Studies #218)
by Siegmar-W. Breckle, Walter Wucherer, Liliya A. Dimeyeva and Nathalia P. OgarHaving been the fourth largest lake on the globe roughly 50 years ago, today the Aral Sea no longer exists. Human activities caused its desiccation and the formation of a huge new desert, the Aralkum, which can be regarded as one of the greatest ecological catastrophes and - at the same time - the largest primary succession experiment of mankind. This volume brings together the results of international and interdisciplinary long-term studies on the new desert ecosystem and is divided into four main sections. The first section provides an overview of the physical characteristics of the area and covers geological, pedological, geomorphological and climatological aspects and their dynamics, especially dust-storm dynamics. The second focuses on the biotic aspects and highlights the spatial and temporal patterns of the flora and fauna. In the third section studies and projects aiming to combat desertification by phytomelioration and to develop strategies for the conservation of biodiversity are presented. The book is rounded off with a section providing a synthesis and conclusions.
Asymptotic Stability of Steady Compressible Fluids (Lecture Notes in Mathematics #2024)
by Mariarosaria PadulaThis volume introduces a systematic approach to the solution of some mathematical problems that arise in the study of the hyperbolic-parabolic systems of equations that govern the motions of thermodynamic fluids. It is intended for a wide audience of theoretical and applied mathematicians with an interest in compressible flow, capillarity theory, and control theory. The focus is particularly on recent results concerning nonlinear asymptotic stability, which are independent of assumptions about the smallness of the initial data. Of particular interest is the loss of control that sometimes results when steady flows of compressible fluids are upset by large disturbances. The main ideas are illustrated in the context of three different physical problems: (i) A barotropic viscous gas in a fixed domain with compact boundary. The domain may be either an exterior domain or a bounded domain, and the boundary may be either impermeable or porous. (ii) An isothermal viscous gas in a domain with free boundaries. (iii) A heat-conducting, viscous polytropic gas.
Studienarbeiten schreiben: Seminar-, Bachelor-, Master- und Diplomarbeiten in den Wirtschaftswissenschaften (Springer-Lehrbuch)
by Georg DistererDas Buch hilft Studierenden der Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften, ihre Studienarbeiten mit Erfolg zu verfassen. Es gibt detailliert Auskunft über inhaltliche und formale Anforderungen, Regularien in Prüfungsordnungen und Zitierrichtlinien werden erläutert. Mit den klaren Handlungsanleitungen, die das Buch vermittelt, wird das Anfertigen von Studienarbeiten zu einer interessanten und spannenden Aufgabe. Die Neuauflage wurde vollständig überarbeitet und um Abschnitte zu neuen Entwicklungen wie Bachelor/Master und Internet erweitert.
Laboratory Science with Space Data: Accessing and Using Space-Experiment Data
by Daniel Beysens, Luigi Carotenuto, Jack J.W.A. J. W. A. van Loon and Martin ZellFor decades experiments conducted on space stations like MIR and the ISS have been gathering data in many fields of research in the natural sciences, medicine and engineering. The EU-sponsored Ulisse Internet Portal provides metadata from space experiments of all kinds and links to the data. Complementary to the portal, this book will serve as handbook listing space experiments by type of infrastructure, area of research in the life and physical sciences, data type, what their mission was, what kind of data they have collected and how one can access this data through Ulisse for further research.The book will provide an overview of the wealth of space experiment data that can be used for research, and will inspire academics (e.g. those looking for topics for their PhD thesis) and research departments in companies for their continued development.
Zintl Phases: Principles and Recent Developments (Structure and Bonding #139)
by Thomas F. FässlerGordon J. Miller, Michael W. Schmidt, Fei Wang, Tae-Soo You: Quantitative Advances in the Zintl-Klemm Formalism Jürgen Evers: High Pressure Investigations on AIBIII Zintl Compounds (AI = Li to Cs; BIII = Al to Tl) up to 30 GPaAndrei Shevelkov, Kirill Kovnir: Zintl ClathratesUlrich Häussermann, Verina F. Kranak, Kati Puhakainen: Hydrogenous Zintl Phases: Interstitial versus Polyanionic Hydrides
Disorder and Critical Phenomena Through Basic Probability Models: École d’Été de Probabilités de Saint-Flour XL – 2010 (Lecture Notes in Mathematics #2025)
by Giambattista GiacominUnderstanding the effect of disorder on critical phenomena is a central issue in statistical mechanics. In probabilistic terms: what happens if we perturb a system exhibiting a phase transition by introducing a random environment? The physics community has approached this very broad question by aiming at general criteria that tell whether or not the addition of disorder changes the critical properties of a model: some of the predictions are truly striking and mathematically challenging. We approach this domain of ideas by focusing on a specific class of models, the "pinning models," for which a series of recent mathematical works has essentially put all the main predictions of the physics community on firm footing; in some cases, mathematicians have even gone beyond, settling a number of controversial issues. But the purpose of these notes, beyond treating the pinning models in full detail, is also to convey the gist, or at least the flavor, of the "overall picture," which is, in many respects, unfamiliar territory for mathematicians.
Soil Enzymology in the Recycling of Organic Wastes and Environmental Restoration (Environmental Science and Engineering)
by Carmen Trasar-Cepeda, Teresa Hernández, Carlos García, Carlos Rad and Salvador González-CarcedoSoil enzymes play a fundamental role in many soil processes such as the mineralization of organic matter, the synthesis of humic substances, the degradation of xenobiotics or the mechanisms involved in the biocontrol of plant pathogens. Their direct link with soil microorganisms gives them a key role as biomonitors of the evolution of soil quality or in the monitoring of the application of organic amendments to degraded soils. As a consequence of the importance of soil enzymes on soil processes, there is an increasing interest in their study, as well as in the application of molecular techniques as diagnostic tools.
Zintl Ions: Principles and Recent Developments (Structure and Bonding #140)
by Thomas F. FässlerR. Bruce King: Structure and Bonding in Zintl Ions and Related Main Group Element ClustersStefanie Gärtner, Nikolaus Korber: Polyanions of Group 14 and Group 15 Elements in Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Solid State Compounds and Solvate Structures Bryan Eichhorn, Sanem Kocak: Dynamic Properties of the Group 14 Zintl Ions and Their DerivativesThomas F. Fässler: Relationships between soluble Zintl anions, ligand-stabilized cage compounds, and intermetalloid clusters of tetrel (Si – Pb) and pentel (P – Bi) elementsGerasimos S. Armatas, Mercouri Kanatzidis: Germanium-Based Porous Semiconductors from Molecular Zintl Anions
Optical Binding Phenomena: Observations and Mechanisms (Springer Theses)
by Jonathan M. TaylorThis thesis addresses optical binding - a new area of interest within the field of optical micromanipulation. It presents, for the first time, a rigorous numerical simulation of some of the key results, along with new experimental findings and also physical interpretations of the results. In an optical trap particles are attracted close to areas of high optical intensities and intensity gradients. So, for example, if two lasers are pointed towards each other (a counter propagating trap) then a single particle is trapped in the centre of the two beams – the system is analogous to a particle being held by two springs in a potential well. If one increases the number of particles in the trap then naively one would expect all the particles to collect in the centre of the well. However, the effect of optical binding means that the presence of one particle affects the distribution of light experienced by another particle, resulting in extremely complex interactions that can lead to unusual 1D and 2D structures to form within the trap. Optical binding is not only of theoretical interest but also has applications in micromanipulation and assembly.
V Latin American Congress on Biomedical Engineering CLAIB 2011 May 16-21, 2011, Habana, Cuba: Sustainable Technologies for the Health of All (IFMBE Proceedings #33)
by José Folgueras Méndez Tania Y. Aznielle Rodríguez Carlos F. Calderón Marín Haddid Vega Vázquez Rafael Rodríguez Rojas Susana Beatriz Llanusa Ruiz Jorge Castro Medina Maylen Carballo BarredaThis volume presents the proceedings of the CLAIB 2011, held in the Palacio de las Convenciones in Havana, Cuba, from 16 to 21 May 2011. The conferences of the American Congress of Biomedical Engineering are sponsored by the International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering (IFMBE), Society for Engineering in Biology and Medicine (EMBS) and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), among other organizations and international agencies and bringing together scientists, academics and biomedical engineers in Latin America and other continents in an environment conducive to exchange and professional growth.