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Simulating the Evolution of Language
by Angelo Cangelosi Domenico ParisiThis book is the first to provide a comprehensive survey of the computational models and methodologies used for studying the evolution and origin of language and communication. Comprising contributions from the most influential figures in the field, it presents and summarises the state-of-the-art in computational approaches to language evolution, and highlights new lines of development.Essential reading for researchers and students in the fields of evolutionary and adaptive systems, language evolution modelling and linguistics, it will also be of interest to researchers working on applications of neural networks to language problems. Furthermore, due to the fact that language evolution models use multi-agent methodologies, it will also be of great interest to computer scientists working on multi-agent systems, robotics and internet agents.
Experiential Visualization in Architectural Design Media: How It Actually Works (Routledge Research in Architecture)
by Vincent B. CanizaroExperimental Visualization in Architectural Design Media: How It Actually Works is a theoretical, practical, and interdisciplinary account of the tools used by architects and designers. The book focuses on the how these tools influence their ability to envision and craft the future experiential reality of buildings and environments. The book is structured around two parallel sets of questions. The first, concerns the effects of various media on the designer's understanding of their work in experiential terms. The media considered include the process of design-build, standard media such as scale model building, hand drawing, drafting, and extends into the now dominant digitally based design media of BIM, digital modeling, and emerging VR technologies, such as Enscape. The second line of questioning seeks patterns of use and other attributes designers deploy in practice to achieve an experiential and meaningful understanding of their work, with and through each medium. To answer these questions, the author provides a detailed assessment of the pros and cons (affordance and constraint) of each form of mediation, and a set of recommendations documenting how experienced designers enhance their visualization skills to support such experiential design. This work is interwoven with interdisciplinary consideration of technology, perception, media studies, history and bolstered by the direct experiences of design professionals. This book will be of interest to researchers working in the field of architecture and design, as well as practising architects, designers and students who are seeking guidance on how to effectively design and consider the experience of their future built environments.
Experiential Visualization in Architectural Design Media: How It Actually Works (Routledge Research in Architecture)
by Vincent B. CanizaroExperimental Visualization in Architectural Design Media: How It Actually Works is a theoretical, practical, and interdisciplinary account of the tools used by architects and designers. The book focuses on the how these tools influence their ability to envision and craft the future experiential reality of buildings and environments. The book is structured around two parallel sets of questions. The first, concerns the effects of various media on the designer's understanding of their work in experiential terms. The media considered include the process of design-build, standard media such as scale model building, hand drawing, drafting, and extends into the now dominant digitally based design media of BIM, digital modeling, and emerging VR technologies, such as Enscape. The second line of questioning seeks patterns of use and other attributes designers deploy in practice to achieve an experiential and meaningful understanding of their work, with and through each medium. To answer these questions, the author provides a detailed assessment of the pros and cons (affordance and constraint) of each form of mediation, and a set of recommendations documenting how experienced designers enhance their visualization skills to support such experiential design. This work is interwoven with interdisciplinary consideration of technology, perception, media studies, history and bolstered by the direct experiences of design professionals. This book will be of interest to researchers working in the field of architecture and design, as well as practising architects, designers and students who are seeking guidance on how to effectively design and consider the experience of their future built environments.
On This Date: From the Pilgrims to Today, Discovering America One Day at a Time
by Carl M. Cannonp.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Arial} Forget what you were taught in seventh grade-this riveting book takes readers down American history's back alleys and side streets.From the arrival of the Mayflower through the 2016 election, ON THIS DATE explores five hundred years of American history, revealing a compelling tale for each day in the calendar year.Drawing from Carl M. Cannon's popular RealClearPolitics' "Morning Note," ON THIS DATE is focused on fascinating -- and sometimes unknown -- stories behind specific dates in U.S. history: What inspired Abraham Lincoln to grow his famous beard, what Dwight Eisenhower really thought about playing football against the great Jim Thorpe, the legal grounds for the first American divorce, who wrote "Rudolph, the Red-Nosed Reindeer" -- and who profited from it.Colorful yet authoritative, ON THIS DATE debunks some popular myths and celebrates America's forgotten heroes. p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Arial} p.p2 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; text-indent: 36.0px; font: 12.0px Arial} p.p3 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px Geneva; min-height: 16.0px}
The Europa Directory of International Organizations 2021
by Helen CantonThe Europa Directory of International Organizations 2021 serves as an unequalled one-volume guide to the contemporary international system. Within a clear, unique framework the recent activities of all major international organizations are described in detail. Given alongside extensive background information the reader is able to assess the role and evolving functions of these organizations in today's world. The contact details, key personnel and activities of more than 2,000 international and regional entities have again been thoroughly researched and updated for this 23rd edition. Highlights in this edition include: - a fully revised Who's Who section with biographical details of the key players in the international system. - the response of the international community to crises and conflicts throughout the world. - specially-commissioned introductory essays cover topics including global environmental governance, transboundary water management, and multilateral governance and global action on health.
The Europa Directory of International Organizations 2022
by Helen CantonThe Europa Directory of International Organizations 2022 serves as an unequalled one-volume guide to the contemporary international system. Within a clear, unique framework the recent activities of all major international organizations are described in detail. Given alongside extensive background information the reader is able to assess the role and evolving functions of these organizations in today's world. The contact details, key personnel and activities of more than 2,000 international and regional entities have again been thoroughly researched and updated for this 24th edition. Highlights in this edition include: - a fully revised Who's Who section with biographical details of the key players in the international system. - the response of the international community to crises and conflicts throughout the world. - specially-commissioned introductory essays cover topics including global environmental governance, transboundary water management, and multilateral governance and global action on health.
Film & TV Tax Incentives in the U.S.: Courting Hollywood (Routledge Studies in Media Theory and Practice)
by Glenda Cantrell Daniel WheatcroftEntertainment tax incentives are one of the greatest tools in the arsenal of filmmaking. They pay a portion of production expenditures back to the filmmaker, while creating powerful economic engines for the states who implement them properly. They are high in the list of considerations for executives to sign off before a movie receives the go-ahead for production, even to the point of dictating the location of where a production is filmed. Yet, they are misunderstood by the filmmakers who use them, the politicians who create them, the economists who measure them, and even the scholars who study them. This book puts all the pieces together in a comprehensive look at how the entertainment industry works, how it uses incentives, and how incentives can benefit a filmmaker – or a state.
Film & TV Tax Incentives in the U.S.: Courting Hollywood (Routledge Studies in Media Theory and Practice)
by Glenda Cantrell Daniel WheatcroftEntertainment tax incentives are one of the greatest tools in the arsenal of filmmaking. They pay a portion of production expenditures back to the filmmaker, while creating powerful economic engines for the states who implement them properly. They are high in the list of considerations for executives to sign off before a movie receives the go-ahead for production, even to the point of dictating the location of where a production is filmed. Yet, they are misunderstood by the filmmakers who use them, the politicians who create them, the economists who measure them, and even the scholars who study them. This book puts all the pieces together in a comprehensive look at how the entertainment industry works, how it uses incentives, and how incentives can benefit a filmmaker – or a state.
Handbook on the Politics of Higher Education
by Brendan Cantwell Hamish Coates Roger KingThe Handbook on the Politics of Higher Education reveals valuable new perspectives for understanding higher education. Higher education plays an ever-greater role in contemporary life, creating innovation, skills, prosperity, and wellbeing, and is therefore of increasing importance to understand. Crafted as a sophisticated entry point, this Handbook takes a wide look at the topic, the state of contemporary research, and future directions. An array of expert international contributors examine important and contentious issues such as who should pay, how to keep higher education accountable, the assurance of quality, boosting productivity and affordability, and the role of states and markets. Experts explain how universities relate to states and societies, the political economy of higher education, planning and resource allocation, regulation and quality, and the politics of stakeholder interests. Unpacking key issues for both researchers new to the sector and experts alike, this topical Handbook will prove essential and thought-provoking reading for government policymakers, social science researchers, higher education executives, as well as instructors of graduate courses.
Buddhism: The Basics (The Basics)
by Cathy CantwellBuddhism: The Basics provides a thorough and accessible introduction to a fascinating religion. Examining the historical development of Buddhism and its presence today, this guide covers: principal traditions practices and beliefs ethical guidelines and philosophy religious texts community With helpful features including a detailed map of the Buddhist world, glossary of terms and tips for further study, this is an ideal text for students and interested readers wanting to familiarise themselves with the Buddhist faith. Cathy Cantwell is an academic researcher at the Oriental Institute, University of Oxford. She specialises in Tibetan Buddhism, and has worked on eleventh century manuscripts, an eighteenth century scriptural collection, and contemporary Buddhist ritual manuals and practice. She has taught widely in UK Higher Education and is joint author of Early Tibetan Documents on Phur pa from Dunhuang.
Buddhism: The Basics (The Basics)
by Cathy CantwellBuddhism: The Basics provides a thorough and accessible introduction to a fascinating religion. Examining the historical development of Buddhism and its presence today, this guide covers: principal traditions practices and beliefs ethical guidelines and philosophy religious texts community With helpful features including a detailed map of the Buddhist world, glossary of terms and tips for further study, this is an ideal text for students and interested readers wanting to familiarise themselves with the Buddhist faith. Cathy Cantwell is an academic researcher at the Oriental Institute, University of Oxford. She specialises in Tibetan Buddhism, and has worked on eleventh century manuscripts, an eighteenth century scriptural collection, and contemporary Buddhist ritual manuals and practice. She has taught widely in UK Higher Education and is joint author of Early Tibetan Documents on Phur pa from Dunhuang.
The Enlightenment Project in the Analytic Conversation (Philosophical Studies in Contemporary Culture #4)
by N. CapaldiAnalytic philosophy has been a dominant intellectual movement in the 20th century and a reflection of the cultural pre-eminence of scientism. In response to analytic philosophy's peculiar reticence (and inability) to discuss itself, this book provides its first comprehensive history and critique. The central element in the analytic conversation has been the Enlightenment Project: the appeal to an autonomous human reason, freed of any higher authority and channeling itself through science as its privileged tool. This centrality is demonstrated by systematically examining its presence and development in the philosophy of science, metaphysics, epistemology, language, psychology, social science, ethics, political philosophy, and the history of philosophy. This journey highlights the internal logical disintegration of that project. Post-modern relativism is its natural offspring and not a viable alternative. The Enlightenment Project's conception of physical science is defective; this defective conception of physical science renders the analytic conception of social science, philosophical psychology, and epistemology defective; and that defective conception of the human condition leads to defective conceptions of both moral and political philosophy, specifically the idea of social engineering or social technology. Throughout the book, an alternative conception of philosophy is presented as a way out of the abyss of analysis, an alternative that reconnects philosophy with the mainstream of Western civilization and initiates the process of providing a coherent cultural narrative. This book will be of particular interest to any sophisticated reader concerned about the lack of a coherent cultural narrative.
Quantitative Methods for Place-Based Innovation Policy: Measuring the Growth Potential of Regions (PDF)
by Roberta Capello Alexander Kleibrink And Monika MatusiakBuilding on the experience of more than one hundred innovation strategies for smart specialisation, this book uncovers insights into their recent implementation by regional and national governments in the European Union. Although designed to boost the competitiveness of Europe and its regions, chapters analyse why the implementation of this policy model was much more complicated than expected. Offering an in-depth understanding of territories and their complexity, and highlighting why this is crucial to the topic, this timely book explores the importance of place-based innovation policy instead of a one-size-fits-all variety. It provides new reflections on the conceptual approaches for the identification of innovation priorities, the data required, the methods through which the data can be turned into useful information and the mapping of the information available. This book’s insights into how the economic, scientific, innovative and societal potential of cities, regions and countries can be measured will be useful for policy-makers looking to learn from the smart specialisation of Europe. Public policy and economic innovation scholars will appreciate the strong case studies analysed in the book combined with in-depth analysis of different methodologies.
Understanding Disputes: The Politics of Argument
by Pat CaplanAre disputes ever really resolved, or do people need to find ways of accommodating them and living with the consequences? Can dispute settlement procedures at the local level be transferred to wider environments? In attempting to answer these questions, some of the foremost specialists in the anthropology of law and disputing behaviour examine how people in a variety of social settings, ranging from Ireland to East Africa, deal with quarrels and seek to resolve or accommodate them. This stimulating volume should be of interest to anyone concerned about the increase in conflict in many parts of the world.
Understanding Disputes: The Politics of Argument (Explorations In Anthropology Ser.)
by Pat CaplanAre disputes ever really resolved, or do people need to find ways of accommodating them and living with the consequences? Can dispute settlement procedures at the local level be transferred to wider environments? In attempting to answer these questions, some of the foremost specialists in the anthropology of law and disputing behaviour examine how people in a variety of social settings, ranging from Ireland to East Africa, deal with quarrels and seek to resolve or accommodate them. This stimulating volume should be of interest to anyone concerned about the increase in conflict in many parts of the world.
How To Cheat In Photoshop CC: The art of creating realistic photomontages
by Steve CaplinHave you ever struggled to make the vision in your mind come to life on your screen? Then this book can help you realise your goal. In this comprehensive revision of the best-selling How To Cheat in Photoshop, photomontage guru Steve Caplin shows you how to get optimum results in minimum time, by cheating your way to success. As a professional digital artist, Steve knows all about creating great work under pressure. In this book he combines detailed step-by-step instructions with invaluable real-world hints, tips, and advice to really let your creativity run wild. Fully updated to cover the latest features in Photoshop CC, this invaluable resource shows exactly what methods Steve uses to create his own stunning imagery used in advertising, publishing, and print media, in a project-based approach that is sure to improve and inspire your own work.
Botany for Gardeners
by Brian CaponThe essential overview of plant botany, perfect for both beginning and advanced gardeners.
Botany for Gardeners, Fourth Edition: An Introduction to the Science of Plants
by Brian Capon&“This should be the cornerstone of every gardener&’s library.&” —Jeff Gillman, Director of the UNC Charlotte Botanical Gardens What happens inside a seed after it is planted? How are plants structured? How do plants reproduce? The answers to these and other questions about complex plant processes can be found in the bestselling Botany for Gardeners. First published in 1990 with more than 260,000 copies sold, it has become the go-to introduction to botany for students and gardeners. Now in its fourth edition, Botany for Gardeners has been expanded and updated. It features a revised interior, with new photos and illustrations that clarify the concepts clearer than ever before. Additional updates address scientific advances, changes in nomenclature and taxonomy, and more. As before, Botany for Gardeners shares accessible information about how plants are organized, how they have adapted to nearly all environments on earth, their essential functions, and how they reproduce.
Pragmatics and Philosophy. Connections and Ramifications (Perspectives in Pragmatics, Philosophy & Psychology #22)
by Alessandro CaponeThis book shows how pragmatics and philosophy are interconnected, and explores the consequences and ramifications of this innovative idea, especially in addressing and solving the problem of breaking Grice's circle. The author applies philosophy in order to get to a better understanding of pragmatics, and pragmatics in order to get a better understanding of philosophy. The book starts with a chapter on the non-cancellability of explicatures and the role that this idea plays in the resolution of Grice’s circle, and proceeds with the discussion of other topics in which explicatures or cancellability play an important and decisive role. While the reader proceeds in the reading of this book, they accumulate notions and pieces of knowledge which will be of invaluable use when arriving at the chapter on conversational presuppositions (and related chapters), where the author expresses his most radical views: namely that (potential) presuppositions are indeed cancellable, contrary to what many believe.
The Pragmatics of Indirect Reports: Socio-philosophical Considerations (Perspectives in Pragmatics, Philosophy & Psychology #8)
by Alessandro CaponeThis monograph on indirect reports offers insights on the semantics/pragmatics interface and a refinement of the notion of explicature. The volume is written in an engaging style and guides the reader through the theoretical problems and their ramifications. The thorniest problem in the study of indirect reports is their polyphonic nature, and how the listener distinguishes between the reporter’s voice and the original speaker’s voice, either by contextual clues or, in the absence of such clues, by resorting to pragmatic principles. The introductory chapter discusses the main issues that will be addressed in the volume. The next chapters focus on the various aspects of indirect reports, covering both theory and practical applications.
Further Advances in Pragmatics and Philosophy: Part 1 From Theory to Practice (Perspectives in Pragmatics, Philosophy & Psychology #18)
by Alessandro Capone Marco Carapezza Franco Lo PiparoThis book builds on the idea that pragmatics and philosophy are strictly interconnected and that advances in one area will generate consequential advantages in the other area. The first part of the book, entitled ‘Theoretical Approaches to Philosophy of Language’, contains contributions by philosophers of language on connectives, intensional contexts, demonstratives, subsententials, and implicit indirect reports. The second part, ‘Pragmatics in Discourse’, presents contributions that are more empirically based or of a more applicative nature and that deal with the pragmatics of discourse, argumentation, pragmatics and law, and context. The book presents perspectives which, generally, make most of the Gricean idea of the centrality of a speaker’s intention in attribution of meaning to utterances, whether one is interested in the level of sentence-like units or larger chunks of discourse.
Further Advances in Pragmatics and Philosophy: Part 2 Theories and Applications (Perspectives in Pragmatics, Philosophy & Psychology #20)
by Alessandro Capone Marco Carapezza Franco Lo PiparoThe two sections of this volume present theoretical developments and practical applicative papers respectively. Theoretical papers cover topics such as intercultural pragmatics, evolutionism, argumentation theory, pragmatics and law, the semantics/pragmatics debate, slurs, and more. The applied papers focus on topics such as pragmatic disorders, mapping places of origin, stance-taking, societal pragmatics, and cultural linguistics. This is the second volume of invited papers that were presented at the inaugural Pragmasofia conference in Palermo in 2016, and like its predecessor presents papers by well-known philosophers, linguists, and a semiotician. The papers present a wide variety of perspectives independent from any one school of thought.
Indirect Reports and Pragmatics in the World Languages (Perspectives in Pragmatics, Philosophy & Psychology #19)
by Alessandro Capone Manuel García-Carpintero Alessandra FalzoneThis volume addresses the intriguing issue of indirect reports from an interdisciplinary perspective. The contributors include philosophers, theoretical linguists, socio-pragmaticians, and cognitive scientists. The book is divided into four sections following the provenance of the authors. Combining the voices from leading and emerging authors in the field, it offers a detailed picture of indirect reports in the world’s languages and their significance for theoretical linguistics. Building on the previous book on indirect reports in this series, this volume adds an empirical and cross-linguistic approach that covers an impressive range of languages, such as Cantonese, Japanese, Hebrew, Persian, Dutch, Spanish, Catalan, Armenian, Italian, English, Hungarian, German, Rumanian, and Basque.
Indirect Reports and Pragmatics: Interdisciplinary Studies (Perspectives in Pragmatics, Philosophy & Psychology #5)
by Alessandro Capone Ferenc Kiefer Franco Lo PiparoThis volume offers the reader a singular overview of current thinking on indirect reports. The contributors are eminent researchers from the fields of philosophy of language, theoretical linguistics and communication theory, who answer questions on this important issue. This exciting area of controversy has until now mostly been treated from the viewpoint of philosophy. This volume adds the views from semantics, conversation analysis and sociolinguistics. Authors address matters such as the issue of semantic minimalism vs. radical contextualism, the attribution of responsibility for the modes of presentation associated with Noun Phrases and how to distinguish the indirect reporter’s responsibility from the original speaker’s responsibility. They also explore the connection between indirect reporting and direct quoting. Clearly indirect reporting has some bearing on the semantics/pragmatics debate, however, there is much controversy on “what is said”, whether this is a minimal semantic logical form (enriched by saturating pronominals) or a much richer and fully contextualized logical form. This issue will be discussed from several angles. Many of the authors are contextualists and the discussion brings out the need to take context into account when one deals with indirect reports, both the context of the original utterance and the context of the report. It is interesting to see how rich cues and clues can radically transform the reported message, assigning illocutionary force and how they can be mobilized to distinguish several voices in the utterance. Decoupling the voice of the reporting speaker from that of the reported speaker on the basis of rich contextual clues is an important issue that pragmatic theory has to tackle. Articles on the issue of slurs will bring new light to the issue of decoupling responsibility in indirect reporting, while others are theoretically oriented and deal with deep problems in philosophy and epistemology.
Interdisciplinary Studies in Pragmatics, Culture and Society (Perspectives in Pragmatics, Philosophy & Psychology #4)
by Alessandro Capone Jacob L. MeyThis volume is part of the series ‘Pragmatics, Philosophy and Psychology’, edited for Springer by Alessandro Capone. It is intended for an audience of undergraduate and graduate students, as well as postgraduate and advanced researchers. This volume focuses on societal pragmatics.One of the main concerns of societal pragmatics is the world of language users. We are interested in the investigation of linguistic practices in the context of societal practices (‘praxis’, to use a term used in the Wittgensteinian and other traditions). It is clear that the world of users, including their practices, their culture, and their social aims has to be taken into account and seriously investigated when we deal with the pragmatics of language. It is not enough to discuss principles of language use solely in the guise of abstract theoretical tools. Consequently, the present volume focuses explicitly on the interplay of abstract, theoretical principles and the necessities imposed by societal contexts often requiring a more flexible use of such theoretical tools.The volume includes articles on pragmemes, politeness and anti-politeness, dialogue, joint utterances, discourse markers, pragmatics and the law, institutional discourse, critical discourse analysis, pragmatics and culture, cultural scripts, argumentation theory, connectives and argumentation, language games and psychotherapy, slurs, the analysis of funerary rites, as well as an authoritative chapter by Jacob L. Mey on societal pragmatics.