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India Briefing, 1987

This annual review of major events, issues, and trends in Indian affairs presents an authoritative and insightful assessment of India in 1986. Interpretive essays illuminate the causes and consequences of a tumultuous year, as leading specialists discuss Indian politics, economy, society, culture, and foreign relations. The contributors examine such important developments as the breakdown of the Punjab accord, the resurgence of militant communalism, Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi's faltering leadership, the dramatic heightening of Indo-Pakistan tensions, the growing resistance to economic reforms, and the impact of the video revolution on Indian culture. Filling an important gap in the literature on contemporary Indian affairs, this book will be invaluable for students and scholars of South Asia as well as for journalists, policymakers, businesspeople, and serious travelers who wish to understand current and future developments in India.

India Briefing, 1987

This annual review of major events, issues, and trends in Indian affairs presents an authoritative and insightful assessment of India in 1986. Interpretive essays illuminate the causes and consequences of a tumultuous year, as leading specialists discuss Indian politics, economy, society, culture, and foreign relations. The contributors examine such important developments as the breakdown of the Punjab accord, the resurgence of militant communalism, Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi's faltering leadership, the dramatic heightening of Indo-Pakistan tensions, the growing resistance to economic reforms, and the impact of the video revolution on Indian culture. Filling an important gap in the literature on contemporary Indian affairs, this book will be invaluable for students and scholars of South Asia as well as for journalists, policymakers, businesspeople, and serious travelers who wish to understand current and future developments in India.

India Briefing, 1988

This second volume in the series of annual assessments of key events and trends in Indian affairs offers an overview of Indian politics, economy, and foreign relations in 1987. It thoroughly examines important topics in Indian life, national security, science and technology, and education.

India Briefing, 1988

This second volume in the series of annual assessments of key events and trends in Indian affairs offers an overview of Indian politics, economy, and foreign relations in 1987. It thoroughly examines important topics in Indian life, national security, science and technology, and education.

Industrialization In The West Bank And Gaza

The West Bank and Gaza Strip, occupied by Israel since 1967, have stagnated in the number employed (some 17,000) in domestic industry for 20 years and in the percentage contribution (8.5 per cent) to the gross domestic product. Their 4,000 establishments are mostly workshops employing on average just over four workers. Food and textiles are the dominant industries and there is much sub-contracting for Israeli firms. Some 90 per cent of industrial imports come from or through Israel and some 70 per cent of their industrial exports go to Israel, with the remainder going to or through Jordan. There are many barriers to the development of industry in the occupied territories but they overwhelmingly have their origin in the occupation itself and to a lesser degree result from difficulties made by Jordan. The Military Government runs the territories to ensure not only military security but also Israel's "economic security." Three alternative economic scenarios are projected to 1997 based on three possible futures facing the territories: (a) a conservative scenario based on continuing the occupation in its present form (status quo); (b) a reformist scenario in which both Israel and Jordan liberalize their policies within the framework of continued occupation; and (c) a radical scenario in which Israel leaves the territories in return for peace, and a separate Palestinian entity is established. In terms of industrial development the conservative scenario would yield minimal results, the reformist scenario some minor improvements in the "quality of life," and the radical scenario would result in rapid industrial development and settlement of returning refugees.

Industrialization In The West Bank And Gaza

The West Bank and Gaza Strip, occupied by Israel since 1967, have stagnated in the number employed (some 17,000) in domestic industry for 20 years and in the percentage contribution (8.5 per cent) to the gross domestic product. Their 4,000 establishments are mostly workshops employing on average just over four workers. Food and textiles are the dominant industries and there is much sub-contracting for Israeli firms. Some 90 per cent of industrial imports come from or through Israel and some 70 per cent of their industrial exports go to Israel, with the remainder going to or through Jordan. There are many barriers to the development of industry in the occupied territories but they overwhelmingly have their origin in the occupation itself and to a lesser degree result from difficulties made by Jordan. The Military Government runs the territories to ensure not only military security but also Israel's "economic security." Three alternative economic scenarios are projected to 1997 based on three possible futures facing the territories: (a) a conservative scenario based on continuing the occupation in its present form (status quo); (b) a reformist scenario in which both Israel and Jordan liberalize their policies within the framework of continued occupation; and (c) a radical scenario in which Israel leaves the territories in return for peace, and a separate Palestinian entity is established. In terms of industrial development the conservative scenario would yield minimal results, the reformist scenario some minor improvements in the "quality of life," and the radical scenario would result in rapid industrial development and settlement of returning refugees.

Industries, Firms, and Jobs: Sociological and Economic Approaches (Springer Studies in Work and Industry)

This book is a welcome reassertion of an old tradition of interdisdplinary research. That tradition has tended to atrophy in the last decade, largely because of an enormous expansion of the domain of neoc1assical economics. The expansion has fed on two sdentific developments: first, human capital theory; second, contract theory. Both developments have taken phenomena critical to the operation of the economy but previously understood in terms of categories separate and distinct from those with which economists generally work and sought to apply the same analytical techniques that we use to understand other economic problems. Human capital theory has applied conventional techniques to questions of labor supply. It began this endeavor with the supply of trained labor and then expanded to a general theory of labor supply by broadening the analysis to the allocation of time over the individual's life, the interdependendes of supply decisions within the family, and finally to the formation of the family itself. Similarly, contract theory has moved from a theory that explains the existence of c10sed economic institutions to a theory of their formation and internaioperation. The hallmark of both of these developments is the extension and applica­ tion of analytical techniques based on purposive maximization under con­ traints and the interaction of individual decision makers through a com­ petitive market or its analogue.

The Ingenuity Gap

Is our world becoming too complex and too fast-paced to manage? The challenges facing human societies - from international financial crises and global climate change to pandemics of tuberculosis and AIDS - converge, intertwine, and often remain largely beyond our ken. Most of us suspect that the 'experts' don't really know what's going on and that as a species we have released forces that are neither managed nor manageable. This is the 'ingenuity gap' - the term coined by Thomas Homer-Dixon - the critical gap between our need for practical and innovative ideas to solve complex problems and our actual supply of those ideas. Homer-Dixon shows us how, in our complex world, while poor countries are particularly vulnerable to ingenuity gaps, our own rich countries are no longer immune. When the gap widens political disintegration and violent upheaval can result, reaching into our own economies and daily lives in subtle, unforeseen ways.

The Institutional Framework of the European Communities

After more than a decade of British membership of the European Community, there is still a widespread lack of appreciation of what goes on within the Community institutions, and of its significance for UK political and legal processes. This book aims to provide a concise introduction to the institutions and law-making processes of the Community, and to set them im their proper perspective as part of UK public law. The prime focus is upon the Community institutions and their inter-relations, however, reference is also made as appropriate to the effects which Community decision-making has on Westminster and Whitehall and in the English courts. In particular, the book examines the sources of Community law, the organisation and composition of the main institutions after the accession of Portugal and Spain, and the decision-making processes involved in the enactment of the Community's legislation. There are also chapters on the budgetary process and on the role of the European Court of Justice. Despite the UK emphasis some comparative material is used to put the UK approach into perspective. To enhance its value to readers cominig to the subject for the first time, the book also contains the text of selected articles of the Treaty of Rome.

The Institutional Framework of the European Communities

After more than a decade of British membership of the European Community, there is still a widespread lack of appreciation of what goes on within the Community institutions, and of its significance for UK political and legal processes. This book aims to provide a concise introduction to the institutions and law-making processes of the Community, and to set them im their proper perspective as part of UK public law. The prime focus is upon the Community institutions and their inter-relations, however, reference is also made as appropriate to the effects which Community decision-making has on Westminster and Whitehall and in the English courts. In particular, the book examines the sources of Community law, the organisation and composition of the main institutions after the accession of Portugal and Spain, and the decision-making processes involved in the enactment of the Community's legislation. There are also chapters on the budgetary process and on the role of the European Court of Justice. Despite the UK emphasis some comparative material is used to put the UK approach into perspective. To enhance its value to readers cominig to the subject for the first time, the book also contains the text of selected articles of the Treaty of Rome.

Intellectuals And The Future In The Habsburg Monarchy 1890-1914 (Studies in Russia and East Europe)

Inter 86: A Review Of International Terrorism In 1986

This survey delineates various aspects of and major issues in international terrorism in 1986, focusing on western states' policies on terrorism and the use of and support for terrorism by Middle Eastern states. It also presents an analysis of trends in Palestinian terrorism.

Inter 86: A Review Of International Terrorism In 1986

This survey delineates various aspects of and major issues in international terrorism in 1986, focusing on western states' policies on terrorism and the use of and support for terrorism by Middle Eastern states. It also presents an analysis of trends in Palestinian terrorism.

International Conflict Resolution

This book presents papers on different perspectives in tackling the economic, racial and other injustices which generate conflict. The papers infer that the nuclear threat provides the most urgent manifestation of the inadequacy of war as a means of resolving differences between nations.

International Conflict Resolution

This book presents papers on different perspectives in tackling the economic, racial and other injustices which generate conflict. The papers infer that the nuclear threat provides the most urgent manifestation of the inadequacy of war as a means of resolving differences between nations.

The International Dimension Of Palestinian Terrorism

Terrorism, by its very nature, is a dynamic and rapidly changing phenomenon. This is particularly true of Palestinian terrorism: it is pluralistic in composition, flourishes in a highly volatile region, and is affected by numerous external actors and elements. Hence any attempt to produce research on Palestinian terrorism of a completely up-to-date nature is doomed to failure. Most of the work on this study was completed by the fall of 1985, and the statistics presented generally cover the period 1968-1984.

The International Dimension Of Palestinian Terrorism

Terrorism, by its very nature, is a dynamic and rapidly changing phenomenon. This is particularly true of Palestinian terrorism: it is pluralistic in composition, flourishes in a highly volatile region, and is affected by numerous external actors and elements. Hence any attempt to produce research on Palestinian terrorism of a completely up-to-date nature is doomed to failure. Most of the work on this study was completed by the fall of 1985, and the statistics presented generally cover the period 1968-1984.

International Organizations in Education (Routledge Revivals)

First published in 1988, International Organizations in Education is a collection of essays written to explore the various roles of international organizations in the field of adult education. The book highlights two distinct categories that emerged: organizations with a world-wide commitment, such as Unesco, ad those with a more regional basis, such as the African Association for Literacy and Adult Education. Each contributor examines the history and contemporary characteristics of the organization before going on to consider possible future directions. The achievements and role of such organizations are considered, and each author offers a depth of personal experience. International Organizations in Education offers a varied and wide-ranging view of the history of international organizations in the field of education and the role of those organizations at the time of original publication.

International Organizations in Education (Routledge Revivals)

First published in 1988, International Organizations in Education is a collection of essays written to explore the various roles of international organizations in the field of adult education. The book highlights two distinct categories that emerged: organizations with a world-wide commitment, such as Unesco, ad those with a more regional basis, such as the African Association for Literacy and Adult Education. Each contributor examines the history and contemporary characteristics of the organization before going on to consider possible future directions. The achievements and role of such organizations are considered, and each author offers a depth of personal experience. International Organizations in Education offers a varied and wide-ranging view of the history of international organizations in the field of education and the role of those organizations at the time of original publication.

Internationale Währungsprobleme: Zur Geschichte, Funktion und Krise des Internationalen Währungssystems

The Irish Question and British Politics, 1868–1986 (British History in Perspective)

An attempt to explain the "Irish Question" and its significance for British policy making. The establishment of two new states of Ireland in 1921 obliged Britain to redefine her objectives in Ireland, but events in 1968 and after have meant that the "Irish Question" is still not resolved.

Issues in US-EC Trade Relations (National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report)

A viable system of international trade requires the active support of both the United States and the European Community, the world's largest trading partners and, consequently, the primary forces shaping the post-World War II international trading regime. In recent years, however, a series of disagreements have threatened the consensus supporting that regime. Differences have arisen over the relation of trade policy to balance-of-trade deficits, the terms of and actual compliance with the current General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, and the proper agenda and procedures to be adopted in future multilateral trade negotiations. These differences, if left unresolved, will further weaken an already strained system. Issues in US-EC Trade Relations presents the results of a conference organized by the NBER and the Centre for European Policy Studies. In it, North American and European trade specialists offer theoretical, empirical, and historical analyses of some of the major issues on which American and Community officials disagree and also formulate realistic policies for settling present disputes. Contributors consider such topics as the legal aspects of trade between the two regions, agricultural policy, different ways the United States and members of the European Community use embargoes to attempt to induce foreign countries to change particular political actions, the growing trend toward protectionism and responses to this policy, international trade in services, and trade policy in oligopolistic environments. In most cases, each general subject is approached from both an American and a European perspective.

Issues in US-EC Trade Relations (National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report)

A viable system of international trade requires the active support of both the United States and the European Community, the world's largest trading partners and, consequently, the primary forces shaping the post-World War II international trading regime. In recent years, however, a series of disagreements have threatened the consensus supporting that regime. Differences have arisen over the relation of trade policy to balance-of-trade deficits, the terms of and actual compliance with the current General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, and the proper agenda and procedures to be adopted in future multilateral trade negotiations. These differences, if left unresolved, will further weaken an already strained system. Issues in US-EC Trade Relations presents the results of a conference organized by the NBER and the Centre for European Policy Studies. In it, North American and European trade specialists offer theoretical, empirical, and historical analyses of some of the major issues on which American and Community officials disagree and also formulate realistic policies for settling present disputes. Contributors consider such topics as the legal aspects of trade between the two regions, agricultural policy, different ways the United States and members of the European Community use embargoes to attempt to induce foreign countries to change particular political actions, the growing trend toward protectionism and responses to this policy, international trade in services, and trade policy in oligopolistic environments. In most cases, each general subject is approached from both an American and a European perspective.

Issues in US-EC Trade Relations (National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report)

A viable system of international trade requires the active support of both the United States and the European Community, the world's largest trading partners and, consequently, the primary forces shaping the post-World War II international trading regime. In recent years, however, a series of disagreements have threatened the consensus supporting that regime. Differences have arisen over the relation of trade policy to balance-of-trade deficits, the terms of and actual compliance with the current General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, and the proper agenda and procedures to be adopted in future multilateral trade negotiations. These differences, if left unresolved, will further weaken an already strained system. Issues in US-EC Trade Relations presents the results of a conference organized by the NBER and the Centre for European Policy Studies. In it, North American and European trade specialists offer theoretical, empirical, and historical analyses of some of the major issues on which American and Community officials disagree and also formulate realistic policies for settling present disputes. Contributors consider such topics as the legal aspects of trade between the two regions, agricultural policy, different ways the United States and members of the European Community use embargoes to attempt to induce foreign countries to change particular political actions, the growing trend toward protectionism and responses to this policy, international trade in services, and trade policy in oligopolistic environments. In most cases, each general subject is approached from both an American and a European perspective.

Issues in US-EC Trade Relations (National Bureau of Economic Research Conference Report)

A viable system of international trade requires the active support of both the United States and the European Community, the world's largest trading partners and, consequently, the primary forces shaping the post-World War II international trading regime. In recent years, however, a series of disagreements have threatened the consensus supporting that regime. Differences have arisen over the relation of trade policy to balance-of-trade deficits, the terms of and actual compliance with the current General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, and the proper agenda and procedures to be adopted in future multilateral trade negotiations. These differences, if left unresolved, will further weaken an already strained system. Issues in US-EC Trade Relations presents the results of a conference organized by the NBER and the Centre for European Policy Studies. In it, North American and European trade specialists offer theoretical, empirical, and historical analyses of some of the major issues on which American and Community officials disagree and also formulate realistic policies for settling present disputes. Contributors consider such topics as the legal aspects of trade between the two regions, agricultural policy, different ways the United States and members of the European Community use embargoes to attempt to induce foreign countries to change particular political actions, the growing trend toward protectionism and responses to this policy, international trade in services, and trade policy in oligopolistic environments. In most cases, each general subject is approached from both an American and a European perspective.