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Debating Counterforce: A Conventional Approach In A Nuclear Age
by Charles-Philippe DavidSince the U.S. presidential elections of 1980, debate has intensified between those who believe that nuclear weapons can only deter a war not intended to be fought and those who see nuclear weapons as an advancement in weaponry that allows for the waging and winning of a nuclear war. At the focal point of this debate is the rise of the “counterforc
Debating Counterforce: A Conventional Approach In A Nuclear Age
by Charles-Philippe DavidSince the U.S. presidential elections of 1980, debate has intensified between those who believe that nuclear weapons can only deter a war not intended to be fought and those who see nuclear weapons as an advancement in weaponry that allows for the waging and winning of a nuclear war. At the focal point of this debate is the rise of the “counterforc
Decision-Making during International Crises
by Jonathan M. RobertsAn examination of the problems which national leaders face when they are involved in international crises, including stress, fatigue and communication difficulties. The majority of crises covered are post-1945, with others chosen to illustrate a particular constraint, such as July 1914.
Decision Making in Criminal Justice: Toward the Rational Exercise of Discretion (Law, Society and Policy #3)
by Michael R. Gottfredson Don M. GottfredsonThe study of decisions in the criminal justice process provides a useful focus for the examination of many fundamental aspects of criminal jus tice. These decisions are not always highly visible. They are made, or dinarily, within wide areas of discretion. The aims of the decisions are not always clear, and, indeed, the principal objectives of these decisions are often the subject of much debate. Usually they are not guided by explicit decision policies. Often the participants are unable to verbalize the basis for the selection of decision alternatives. Adequate information for the decisions is usually unavailable. Rarely can the decisions be demonstrated to be rational. By a rationaldecision we mean "that decision among those possible for the decisionmaker which, in the light of the information available, maximizes the probability of the achievement of the purpose of the decisionmaker in that specific and particular case" (Wilkins, 1974a: 70; also 1969). This definition, which stems from statistical decision theory, points to three fundamental characteristics of decisions. First, it is as sumed that a choice of possible decisions (or, more precisely, of possible alternatives) is available. If only one choice is possible, there is no de cision problem, and the question of rationality does not arise. Usually, of course, there will be a choice, even if the alternative is to decide not to decide-a choice that, of course, often has profound consequences.
Defenders Or Intruders?: The Dilemmas Of U.s. Forces In Germany
by Daniel J. NelsonFollowing Dr. Nelson’s A History of U.S. Military Forces in Germany; this book examines contemporary socioeconomic problems created by the stationing of U.S. troops in West Germany (FRG). The issues are magnified by the FRG’s strategic importance to the United States, the large number of U.S. troops stationed in the FRG, and the length of time they
Defenders Or Intruders?: The Dilemmas Of U.s. Forces In Germany
by Daniel J. NelsonFollowing Dr. Nelson’s A History of U.S. Military Forces in Germany; this book examines contemporary socioeconomic problems created by the stationing of U.S. troops in West Germany (FRG). The issues are magnified by the FRG’s strategic importance to the United States, the large number of U.S. troops stationed in the FRG, and the length of time they
The Democratic Perspective: Political and Social Philosophy
by Jan J.T. SrzednickiSection 1 One of the big problems facing us is the need to plan for the betterment and improvement of society. In any status quo there are many unsatisfactory moments and experience shows that with changing conditions, even those elements of our communal structure that work well will often get out of step and become a problem. We need then to introduce devices both to alleviate present troubles and, if possible, to anticipate future ones. On the whole, it might appear to the untutored eye that the matter is relatively simple. For instance, if we keep increasing prices of commodities without increasing incomes, and especially if we allow inflation to proceed unfettered as well, the situation will certainly deteriorate. What we need to
Der Nahe und Mittlere Osten Politik · Gesellschaft Wirtschaft Geschichte · Kultur: Grundlagen, Strukturen und Problemfelder. Länderanalysen
by Udo SteinbachDas hiermit vorgelegte Handbuch soll in umfassender Weise über den modernen Nahen und Mittleren Osten informieren. Geographisch umfaßt es den Raum der Mitgliedsländer der Arabi schen Liga, d.h. die Region zwischen Mauretanien und Marokko im Westen und Oman im Osten (unter Einschluß von Teilen des Horns von Afrika), Israel sowie den "Nördlichen Gürtel" zwi schen der Türkei und Pakistan. Zeitlich konzentriert es sich auf die Entwicklung nach dem Zwei ten Weltkrieg und auf die Gegenwart. Den historischen Grundlagen wird insoweit Aufmerksam keit gewidmet, als dies zum Verständnis der Gegenwart notwendig ist. Es versteht sich, daß angesichts der Instabilität und Veränderlichkeit des Nahen und Mittleren Ostens Teile des Handbuchs Gefahr laufen, an Aktualität einzubüßen. Aktualität ist aber nicht das primäre Ziel des Buchs. Herausgeber und Autoren haben sich vielmehr bemüht, möglichst zahlreiche grundlegende Informationen und Analysen zu liefern; die strukturellen Aspekte, be stimmenden Wirkungsfaktoren und Entwicklungsmuster wurden deshalb in den Vordergrund der Darstellung gerückt. Den Herausgebern hat dabei vorgeschwebt, mit dem Handbuch ein Hilfsmit tel zu schaffen, das im Blick auf die nächsten zehn bis fünfzehn Jahre zum Verständnis der Region im weitesten Sinne beitragen soll.
Determinants Of Brazil's Manufactured Exports: An Empirical Analysis
by Ugo Fasano-FilhoThis study seeks to identify the determinants of Brazil's favourable export performance until the mid-1980s, especially in the field of manufactured goods. Two hypotheses figure prominently in the analysis. The export success may be due to Brazil's specialization in industries which made intensive use of the country's relatively abundant productive factors. Alternatively, economic policies may be responsible for the success in manufactured exports.
Determinants Of Brazil's Manufactured Exports: An Empirical Analysis
by Ugo Fasano-FilhoThis study seeks to identify the determinants of Brazil's favourable export performance until the mid-1980s, especially in the field of manufactured goods. Two hypotheses figure prominently in the analysis. The export success may be due to Brazil's specialization in industries which made intensive use of the country's relatively abundant productive factors. Alternatively, economic policies may be responsible for the success in manufactured exports.
Development and Planning Economy: Environmental and resource issues
by P.A. StoneThis book describes in detail how the property market operates, giving a clear picture of the economics of development and the way which development issues are defined by (and in their turn have an effect on) community and individual needs. By describing how the market works and explaining the factors which need to be analysed, the author aims to improve decision-making techniques and machinery.
Development and Planning Economy: Environmental and resource issues
by P.A. StoneThis book describes in detail how the property market operates, giving a clear picture of the economics of development and the way which development issues are defined by (and in their turn have an effect on) community and individual needs. By describing how the market works and explaining the factors which need to be analysed, the author aims to improve decision-making techniques and machinery.
The Dictionary of Contemporary Politics of Southern Africa (Routledge Revivals: Dictionaries Of Contemporary Politics Ser.)
by Gwyneth Williams Brian HacklandFirst published in 1988, The Dictionary of Contemporary Politics of Southern Africa provides a guide to the often confusing politics of Southern Africa. The book identifies and explains political figures, organisations, systems and terminology from the region in a clear and practical way. It covers eleven countries: Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Although first published in 1988, this book will be a valuable resource for journalists, students, diplomats, business people, and anyone else who is interested in the politics of this richly diverse continent.
The Dictionary of Contemporary Politics of Southern Africa
by Gwyneth Williams Brian HacklandFirst published in 1988, The Dictionary of Contemporary Politics of Southern Africa provides a guide to the often confusing politics of Southern Africa. The book identifies and explains political figures, organisations, systems and terminology from the region in a clear and practical way. It covers eleven countries: Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Although first published in 1988, this book will be a valuable resource for journalists, students, diplomats, business people, and anyone else who is interested in the politics of this richly diverse continent.
Die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung der beiden Staaten in Deutschland: Tatsachen und Zahlen
by Karl C. Thalheim
Distributive Justice and Inequality: A Selection of Papers Given at a Conference, Berlin, May 1986
by Wulf Gaertner Prasanta K. PattanaikFrom May 20 to May 24, 1986 a conference on distributive justice and in equality was held at the Institute for Advanced Study Berlin (Wis senschaftskolleg zu Berlin). More than thirty scholars participated in this conference. The topics of the presentations ranged from ethics, welfare economics and social choice theory to characterizations of inequality meas ures and redistributive taxation schemes. This book contains a selection of the papers given at the conference. This collection of articles also appeared as issues 2 and 3 of volume 5 of Social Choice and Welfare. In the first paper P. Suppes argues for a pluralistic concept of equity. For too long the emphasis has been on income distribution but there are other characteristics which are important when one talks about equity. Suppes suggests that it would be desirable to have Lorenz curves for a variety of fea tures of societies, such as education, health and housing. P. Dasgupta studies the quality of lives in terms of an index of living stand ards. One has to distinguish between "same number choices" (the number of lives is given) and "different numbers choices" (problem of optimum popUlation). The author argues that in the latter case the anonymity (or sym metry) axiom cannot be readily defended. Once it is dropped, however, an incoherence in the moral ordering of possible worlds arises. The moral basis for different numbers choices becomes generation-dependent, an overall moral ordering of possible worlds no longer exists.
Documenting Global Leadership
by George ModelskiThe book traces the evolution of world politics through documents that illustrate the responsibilities, burdens and opportunities of global leadership.
Doom: The Politics of Catastrophe
by Niall Ferguson'Magisterial ... Immensely readable' Douglas Alexander, Financial TimesA compelling history of catastrophes and their consequences, from 'the most brilliant British historian of his generation' (The Times)Disasters are inherently hard to predict. But when catastrophe strikes, we ought to be better prepared than the Romans were when Vesuvius erupted or medieval Italians when the Black Death struck. We have science on our side, after all. Yet the responses of many developed countries to a new pathogen from China were badly bungled. Why?While populist rulers certainly performed poorly in the face of the pandemic, Niall Ferguson argues that more profound pathologies were at work - pathologies already visible in our responses to earlier disasters.Drawing from multiple disciplines, including economics and network science, Doom: The Politics of Catastrophe offers not just a history but a general theory of disaster. As Ferguson shows, governments must learn to become less bureaucratic if we are to avoid the impending doom of irreversible decline.'Insightful, productively provocative and downright brilliant' New York Times'Stimulating, thought-provoking ... Readers will find much to relish' Martin Bentham, Evening Standard
Dynamic and Immobilist Politics in Japan (St Antony's Series)
by Martin Collick Aurelia George James Horne Daiichi It Alan Rix J.A.A. StockwinOver the past thirty years Japan has shown that it is a highly dynamic society, and its economic policy-making has often astonished the world. Japanese politics, however, though sometimes showing dynamism, are very stable and frequently strangely immobilist. In this book, six specialists on Japanese politics seek to find out why.
East-west Conflict: Elite Perceptions And Political Options
by Michael D. Intriligator Hans-Adolf JacobsenThis book aims to bring together American and West German scholars in order to analyze U.S., German, and Soviet elite perceptions of East-West conflict. It attempts to assess the policy implications and political options for the West.
East-west Conflict: Elite Perceptions And Political Options
by Michael D. IntriligatorThis book aims to bring together American and West German scholars in order to analyze U.S., German, and Soviet elite perceptions of East-West conflict. It attempts to assess the policy implications and political options for the West.