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Langfristiges Planen: Zur Bedeutung sozialer und kognitiver Ressourcen für nachhaltiges Handeln (Ethics of Science and Technology Assessment #41)
by Georg KampDas Projekt entwickelt einheitliche methodologische Grundlagen für eine langfristige Planung, deren Umsetzung die Nachhaltigkeit des individuellen wie des gesellschaftlichen Handelns möglichst verlässlich sichert.Die Arbeitsplanung folgt dem bewährten Projektgruppenprinzip der „Europäischen Akademie“. Dabei erarbeitet eine interdisziplinär zusammengesetzte Projektgruppe gemeinsam Lösungen zu einem definierten Themenbereich.Eine inhaltliche Präzisierung des Programms erfolgt zunächst durch die sogenannte Kerngruppe. In dieser sind Experten aus den wissenschaftlichen Disziplinen Nachhaltigkeitsökonomik, experimentelle Ökonomik, Ethik/praktische Philosophie, Politikwissenschaft beziehungsweise Institutionentheorie vertreten.Zur intensiven Bearbeitung des präzisierten Programms wird die Projektgruppe um Vertreterinnen und Vertreter aus weiteren einschlägigen Disziplinen erweitert. Diese Disziplinen können sein: Soziologie, Rechtswissenschaft, Wissenschaftstheorie und Governanceforschung.In insgesamt elf Gruppensitzungen und zwei Evaluierungskonferenzen sowie einzelthemenbezogenen Fachgesprächen und Workshops entwickeln die Projektgruppenmitglieder ausgehend von disziplinär erstellten Textvorlagen eine von allen mitgetragene Studie.Mit dieser Herangehensweise werden zugleich eine Erweiterung des methodischen Instrumentariums der Nachhal-tigkeitsökonomik sowie insgesamt eine Verbesserung des Planens, Entscheidens und Handelns in nachhaltigkeits - ökonomischen Zusammenhängen angestrebt.
Ethics and Technology Assessment: A Participatory Approach (Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics #13)
by Matthew CottonWhether it is nuclear power, geo-engineering or genetically modified foods, the development of new technologies can be fraught with complex ethical challenges and political controversy which defy simple resolution. In the past two decades there has been a shift towards processes of Participatory Technology Assessment designed to build channels of two-way communication between technical specialists and non-expert citizens, and to incorporate multiple stakeholder perspectives in the governance of contentious technology programmes. This participatory turn has spurred a need for new tools and techniques to encourage group deliberation and capture public values, moral and choices. This book specifically examines the ethical dimensions of controversial technologies, and discusses how these can be evaluated in a philosophically robust manner when the ones doing the deliberating are not ethicists, legal or technical experts. Grounded in philosophical pragmatism and drawing upon empirical work in partnership with citizen-stakeholders, this book presents a model called “Reflective Ethical Mapping” - a new meta-ethical framework and toolbox of techniques to facilitate citizen engagement with technology ethics.
A Brief History of String Theory: From Dual Models to M-Theory (The Frontiers Collection)
by Dean RicklesDuring its forty year lifespan, string theory has always had the power to divide, being called both a 'theory of everything' and a 'theory of nothing'. Critics have even questioned whether it qualifies as a scientific theory at all. This book adopts an objective stance, standing back from the question of the truth or falsity of string theory and instead focusing on how it came to be and how it came to occupy its present position in physics. An unexpectedly rich history is revealed, with deep connections to our most well-established physical theories. Fully self-contained and written in a lively fashion, the book will appeal to a wide variety of readers from novice to specialist.
Corporate Governance: An International Perspective (Csr, Sustainability, Ethics And Governance Ser.)
by Samuel O Idowu Kiymet Tunca ÇaliyurtThis book brings together a representative collection of perspectives on the way how corporate governance is being aligned with the social responsibility of an organization and the accountability of its management both in large corporations and in medium sized businesses. Examples are given from various industries and branches as well as from different countries and regions across the globe. All examples are commented and explained in detail. Written by a group of selected academic teachers this book is suitable for adoption as a resource for a case driven approach to teaching "Corporate Governance" courses at an upper undergraduate or graduate level.
Logic for Programming, Artificial Intelligence, and Reasoning: 19th International Conference, LPAR-19, Stellenbosch, South Africa, December 14-19, 2013, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #8312)
by Ken McMillan Aart Middeldorp Andrei VoronkovThis book constitutes the proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Logic for Programming, Artificial Intelligence and Reasoning, LPAR-19, held in December 2013 in Stellenbosch, South Africa. The 44 regular papers and 8 tool descriptions and experimental papers included in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 152 submissions. The series of International Conferences on Logic for Programming, Artificial Intelligence and Reasoning (LPAR) is a forum where year after year, some of the most renowned researchers in the areas of logic, automated reasoning, computational logic, programming languages and their applications come to present cutting-edge results, to discuss advances in these fields and to exchange ideas in a scientifically emerging part of the world.
Combinatorial Algorithms: 24th International Workshop, IWOCA 2013, Rouen, France, July 10-12, 2013. Revised Selected Papers (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #8288)
by Thierry Lecroq Laurent MouchardThis book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the 24th International Workshop on Combinatorial Algorithms, IWOCA 2013, held in Rouen, France, in July 2013. The 33 revised full papers presented together with 10 short papers and 5 invited talks were carefully reviewed and selected from a total of 91 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on algorithms on graphs; algorithms on strings; discrete geometry and satisfiability.
„Denn nur also beschränkt war je das Vollkommene möglich...“: Eine wissenschaftstheoretische Interpretation von Goethes Gedicht „Metamorphose der Tiere“ (Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften #1983 / 2)
by F. Cramer
Evolutionäre Erkenntnistheorie: — ein Plädoyer für ein Forschungsprogramm — (Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften #1983 / 6)
by H. Mohr
3. Österreichische Artificial-Intelligence-Tagung: Wien, 22–25. September 1987 (Informatik-Fachberichte #151)
by Ernst Buchberger Johannes Retti
7. Österreichische Artificial-Intelligence-Tagung / Seventh Austrian Conference on Artificial Intelligence: Wien, Austria, 24.–27. September 1991 Proceedings (Informatik-Fachberichte #287)
by Hermann Kaindl
Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Decision Making: Methods and Applications (Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems #375)
by Shu-Jen Chen Ching-Lai HwangThis monograph is intended for an advanced undergraduate or graduate course as well as for researchers, who want a compilation of developments in this rapidly growing field of operations research. This is a sequel to our previous works: "Multiple Objective Decision Making--Methods and Applications: A state-of-the-Art Survey" (No.164 of the Lecture Notes); "Multiple Attribute Decision Making--Methods and Applications: A State-of-the-Art Survey" (No.186 of the Lecture Notes); and "Group Decision Making under Multiple Criteria--Methods and Applications" (No.281 of the Lecture Notes). In this monograph, the literature on methods of fuzzy Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM) has been reviewed thoroughly and critically, and classified systematically. This study provides readers with a capsule look into the existing methods, their characteristics, and applicability to the analysis of fuzzy MADM problems. The basic concepts and algorithms from the classical MADM methods have been used in the development of the fuzzy MADM methods. We give an overview of the classical MADM in Chapter II. Chapter III presents the basic concepts and mathematical operations of fuzzy set theory with simple numerical examples in a easy-to-read and easy-to-follow manner. Fuzzy MADM methods basically consist of two phases: (1) the aggregation of the performance scores with respect to all the attributes for each alternative, and (2) the rank ordering of the alternatives according to the aggregated scores.
Ethics and Economics: Catholic Thinkers in the 20th Century (Contributions to Economics)
by Giuseppe GaburroEthics and Economics is divided in two parts. In the first one, Italian and French catholic thinkers, are analysed by well-known scholars, with basic reference to the economic view of their work. In the second part the economic environment is described and proposals, based on the social catholic thought, for the solution of the most diffused economic problems are given. The book therefore furnishes an alternative approach to the orthodox economic analysis and, for this reason, it may be a useful tool for researchers who wish to compare their theoretical approach with a less conventional one, and for scholars who want to examine closely alternative views to the traditional economic models and paradigm.
Mondphasen, Osterrechnung und Ewiger Kalender
by Walther JacobsthalDieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.
Über die Erfahrungsgrundlagen unseres Wissens (Abhandlungen zur Didaktik und Philosophie der Naturwissenschaft #6)
by A. Meinong
Energie Leben und Tod: Vortrag, gehalten in Wien in der „Wiener Urania“ am 7. Februar 1914
by Franz TanglDieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.
Scientific Research II: The Search for Truth (Studies in the Foundations, Methodology and Philosophy of Science #3/2)
by M. BungeThis volume is a logical sequel of Volume I, The Search for System: indeed, it concerns the ways theoretical systems are put to work and subjected to test. Yet it can be read independently by anyone familiar with some factual theories, referring back to Volume I when necessary. Special Symbols AS;B the set A is included in the set B AvB the union of the sets A and B AnB the common part of the sets A and B aEB the individual a is in (or belongs to) the set A Card (A) cardinality (numerosity) of the set A AxB Cartesian product of the sets A and B en(A) consequence(s) of the set A of assumptions equals by definition =dt definition Dt· some x (or there is at least one x such that) (3 x) e empirical datum e* translation of e into a semiempirical, semitheoreticallanguage h hypothesis m(r) measured value of the degree r m(;) average (or mean) value of a set of measured values of ,; P-jT T presupposes P p, q arbitrary (unspecified) propositions (statements) P(x) x has the property P (or x is a P) {xl P(x)} set of the x such that every x is a P pVq p and/or q (inclusive disjunction) p &q p and q (conjunction) p-+q if p, then q (conditional or implication) p if and only if q (biconditional or equivalence) p-q sum over i 2:; t theorem, testable consequence
Die Mathematische Methode: Logisch Erkenntnistheoretische Untersuchungen im Gebiete der Mathematik Mechanik und Physik
by Otto HölderDieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.
Wandlungen in der Auffassung und Deutung des Traumes: Von den Griechen bis zur Gegenwart
by Ludwig BinswangerDieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.
Fuzzy Mathematical Programming: Methods and Applications (Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems #394)
by Young-Jou Lai Ching-Lai HwangIn the last 25 years, the fuzzy set theory has been applied in many disciplines such as operations research, management science, control theory,artificial intelligence/expert system, etc. In this volume, methods and applications of fuzzy mathematical programming and possibilistic mathematical programming are first systematically and thoroughly reviewed and classified. This state-of-the-art survey provides readers with a capsule look into the existing methods, and their characteristics and applicability to analysis of fuzzy and possibilistic programming problems. To realize practical fuzzy modelling, we present solutions for real-world problems including production/manufacturing, transportation, assignment, game, environmental management, resource allocation, project investment, banking/finance, and agricultural economics. To improve flexibility and robustness of fuzzy mathematical programming techniques, we also present our expert decision-making support system IFLP which considers and solves all possibilities of a specific domain of (fuzzy) linear programming problems. Basic fuzzy set theories, membership functions, fuzzy decisions, operators and fuzzy arithmetic are introduced with simple numerical examples in aneasy-to-read and easy-to-follow manner. An updated bibliographical listing of 60 books, monographs or conference proceedings, and about 300 selected papers, reports or theses is presented in the end of this study.
Gauss: A Biographical Study
by W. K. BühlerProcreare iucundum, sed parturire molestum. (Gauss, sec. Eisenstein) The plan of this book was first conceived eight years ago. The manuscript developed slowly through several versions until it attained its present form in 1979. It would be inappropriate to list the names of all the friends and advisors with whom I discussed my various drafts but I should like to mention the name of Mr. Gary Cornell who, besides discussing with me numerous details of the manuscript, revised it stylistically. There is much interest among mathematicians to know more about Gauss's life, and the generous help I received has certainly more to do with this than with any individual, positive or negative, aspect of my manuscript. Any mistakes, errors of judgement, or other inadequacies are, of course, the author's responsi bility. The most incisive and, in a way, easiest decisions I had to make were those of personal taste in the choice and treatment of topics. Much had to be omitted or could only be discussed in a cursory way.
On Human Nature: Anthropological, Biological, and Philosophical Foundations (Ethics of Science and Technology Assessment #15)
by F. WütscherModern molecular technology in the so-called life sciences (biology as weil as medicine) allows today to approach and manipulate living beings in ways and to an extent wh ich not too long aga seemed Utopian. The empirical progress promises further and even more radical developments in the future, and it is at least often claimed that this kind of research will have tremendeous etfects on and for all of humanity, for example in the areas of food production, transplantation medicine (including stem cell research and xenotransplantation), (therapeutic) genetic manipulation and (cell-line) cloning (of cell lines or tissues), and of biodiversity conservation-strategies. At least in Western, industrialized countries the development of modern sciences led to a steady increase of human health, well-being and quality of life. However, with the move to make the human body itself an object of scientific research interests, the respective scientific descriptions resulted in changes in the image that human beings have of themselves. Scientific progress has led to a startling loss of traditional human self-understanding. This development is in contrast to an under standing according to which the question what it means to be "human" is treated in the realm of philosophy. And indeed, a closer look reveals that - without denying the value of scientitic progress - science cannot replace the philosophical approach to anthropological questions.
Die Geschichtliche Entwicklung der Chemie
by Eduard FärberDieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.
Die Träume in Dostojewskys „Raskolnikoff“ (Individuum und Gemeinschaft #4)
by Otto KausDieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.
Attributierte Grammatiken und Attributierungsalgorithmen (Informatik-Fachberichte #157)
by Ulrich MahnDiese Monographie gibt einen systematischen Überblick über Attributierte Grammatiken als ein Mittel zur Darstellung und Analyse von Kontextabhängigkeiten in Compilern unter Betonung der für Compiler-erzeugende Systeme erforderlichen Algorithmen. Attributierte Grammatiken sind ein inzwischen weltweit anerkanntes Mittel zur Beschreibung der statischen Semantik von Programmiersprachen. Mit der verstärkten Verbreitung von Compiler-Generatoren wird es auch für den Praktiker interessant, für spezielle Zwecke geeignete Sprachen zu entwickeln und zu implementieren. Diese ausführliche vergleichende Darstellung der verfügbaren Ergebnisse und Methoden weist auch dem Nichtspezialisten den Weg, einen für seine Sprache geeigneten Algorithmus zu finden. Betont werden vor der Systematik der theoretischen Erkenntnisse vor allem die in Compiler-Erzeugenden Systemen wie GAG oder HLP78 bewährten Algorithmen. Für den im Compilerbau Tätigen sind sicherlich die einheitliche Zusammenfassung der großen Vielzahl bekannter Ergebnisse über Attributierte Grammatiken und die sehr umfangreiche Bibliographie von Interesse.