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Rural Energy Development in China (Routledge Revivals)

In this title, originally published in 1981, author Robert P. Taylor calls for a greater understanding of rural energy supply and consumption patterns in the developing countries. Here, Taylor specifically examines the rural energy development in China as it is the world’s largest developing country in terms of population, and it has encountered many of the rural energy problems common in other developing countries. This study provides an analysis of China’s rural energy economy from before 1949 to a general discussion of achievements in rural energy development and the rural energy economy in 1981. This is an ideal title for students interested in environmental studies and development studies.

The Southwest Under Stress: National Resource Development Issues in a Regional Setting

Southwest Under Stress examines the development-environment conflict in the four contiguous states of Arizona, Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico. It emphasizes three issues with implications that extend far beyond the Southwest: water---its quantity, quality, and allocation; environment---how and to what extent it should be preserved; and the future of Native American and other poverty-stricken peoples. Energy comes in for special attention because the Southwest is a principal repository of fossil and nuclear fuels. This book serves as a guide for public policy in the region, and many of the policy alternatives set out are aimed at state and local governments. Alleviating poverty, improving the lot of Native Americans, and formulating workable water, environmental, and natural resources development policies are all of special concern to the region, but the federal government has asserted a dominant role in may of these areas. The book discusses ways in which the federal role may change to improve both federal policy itself and cooperation with other levels of government.

The Southwest Under Stress: National Resource Development Issues in a Regional Setting

Southwest Under Stress examines the development-environment conflict in the four contiguous states of Arizona, Utah, Colorado, and New Mexico. It emphasizes three issues with implications that extend far beyond the Southwest: water---its quantity, quality, and allocation; environment---how and to what extent it should be preserved; and the future of Native American and other poverty-stricken peoples. Energy comes in for special attention because the Southwest is a principal repository of fossil and nuclear fuels. This book serves as a guide for public policy in the region, and many of the policy alternatives set out are aimed at state and local governments. Alleviating poverty, improving the lot of Native Americans, and formulating workable water, environmental, and natural resources development policies are all of special concern to the region, but the federal government has asserted a dominant role in may of these areas. The book discusses ways in which the federal role may change to improve both federal policy itself and cooperation with other levels of government.

Thonner’s analytical key to the families of flowering plants (Leiden Botanical Series #5)

Timber Trade Practice

The Vestibular System: Function and Morphology

Vestibular physiology has acquired new interest in the past few years. The development of fast aircraft, beginning during the Second World War and continuing through modern supersonic jets and space travel, has increased dramatically the acceleration range to which man is subjected, from prolonged weightlessness to several gs. The labyrinth measures all kinds of acceleration, including gravity. and therefore has taken on particular impor­ tance in the study of human health in the Space Age. It is understandable. then, that NASA sponsored the Symposium on Vestibular Function and Morphology. a satellite of the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Society of Neuroscience. held October 30-November 1. 1978, at the University of Pittsburgh, which also supported the symposium. The present volume was developed from papers originally presented there. My strategy in editing this book has been to focus upon the vestibular end organ and its direct connections. both peripheral and central, in order to as­ sure a coherent discussion of the basics of vestibular function, structure, and ultrastructure. Fortunately, it was possible to secure the contributions of a number of outstanding investigators from both the United States and abroad, including functionally oriented morphologists. ultrastructuralists, biophysicists, and vestibular physiologists. The result is a comprehensive discussion of the main mechanisms of the labyrinth: the transduction pro­ cess at the receptor level, in the semicircular canals, and in the utricular and saccular maculae; the information transfer through neuronal pathways to the nuclei and the cerebellum; and the general organization of the system.

Woodland Conservation and Management

Professor John Harper, in his recent Population Biology of Plants (1977), made a comment and asked a question which effectively states the theme of this book. Noting that 'one of the consequences of the development of the theory of vegetational climax has been to guide the observer's mind forwards', i. e. that 'vegetation is interpreted asa stage on the way to something', he commented that 'it might be more healthy and scientifically more sound to look more often backwards and search for the explanation of the present in the past, to explain systems in relation to their history rather than their goal'. He went on to contrast the 'disaster theory' of plant succession, which holds that communities are a response to the effects of past disasters, with the 'climax theory', that they are stages in the approach to a climax state, and then asked 'do we account most completely for the characteristics of a population by a knowledge of its history or of its destiny?' Had this question been put to R. S. Adamson, E. J. Salisbury, A. G. Tansley or A. S. Watt, who are amongst the giants of the first forty years of woodland ecology in Britain, their answer would surely have been that understanding lies in a knowledge of destiny. Whilst not unaware of the historical facts of British woodlands, they were preoccupied with ideas of natural succession and climax, and tended to interpret their observations in these terms.

Woodlot Management: Storey's Country Wisdom Bulletin A-70 (Storey Country Wisdom Bulletin)

Since 1973, Storey's Country Wisdom Bulletins have offered practical, hands-on instructions designed to help readers master dozens of country living skills quickly and easily. There are now more than 170 titles in this series, and their remarkable popularity reflects the common desire of country and city dwellers alike to cultivate personal independence in everyday life.

Advances in Microbial Ecology: Volume 6 (Advances in Microbial Ecology #6)

This volume of Advances in Microbial Ecology marks a change in the editor­ ship of the series. The Editorial Board wishes to take this opportunity to express its gratitude to Martin Alexander, the founding editor and editor of the first five volumes, for his enterprise in establishing the series and in ensuring that Advances has become an outstanding focal point for the identification of new developments in the rapidly expanding field of microbial ecology. With the publication of this volume, we welcome Howard Slater to the Editorial Board. The policies of the Editorial Board remain the same as before. Most con­ tributions to Advances in Microbial Ecology will be solicited by the Board. However, individuals are encouraged to submit outlines of unsolicited contri­ butions to the Board for consideration for inclusion in the series. Advances is designed to serve an international audience and to provide critical reviews on basic and applied aspects of microbial ecology. Contributions in the present volume are predominantly concerned with the ecology of aquatic microorganisms, but encompass a variety of approaches to this area. The exception is the chapter by J. W. Doran on the role of micro­ organisms in the cycling of selenium. G-Y. Rhee discusses the effects of envi­ ronmental factors on phytoplankton growth. The factors limiting the produc­ tivity of freshwater microbial ecosystems are considered by H. W. Paerl.

Anthropogenic Compounds (The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry #3 / 3B)

Environmental Chemistry is a relatively young science. Interest in this subject, however, is growing very rapidly and, although no agreement has been reached as yet about the exact content and limits of this interdisciplinary discipline, there appears to be increasing interest in seeing environmental topics which are based on chemistry embodied in this subject. One of the first objectives of Environmental Chemistry must be the study of the environment and of natural chemical processes which occur in the environment. A major purpose of this series on Environmental Chemistry, therefore, is to present a reasonably uniform view of various aspects of the chemistry of the environment and chemical reactions occurring in the environment. The industrial activities of man have given a new dimension to Environmental Chemistry. We have now synthesized and described over five million chemical compounds and chemical industry produces about hundred and fifty million tons of synthetic chemicals annually. We ship billions of tons of oil per year and through mining operations and other geophysical modifications, large quantities of inorganic and organic materials are released from their natural deposits. Cities and metropolitan areas of up to 15 million inhabitants produce large quantities of waste in relatively small and confined areas. Much of the chemical products and waste products of modern society are released into the environment either during production, storage, transport, use or ultimate disposal. These released materials participate in natural cycles and reactions and frequently lead to interference and disturbance of natural systems.

Application of Electro-Ultrafiltration (EUF) in Agricultural Production: Proceedings of the First International Symposium on the Application of Electro-Ultrafiltration in Agricultural Production, organized by the Hungarian Ministry of Agriculture and the Central Research Institute for Chemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, May 6–10, 1980

The Symposium was organized by the Hungarian Ministry of Agriculture and the Central Research Institute for Chemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. This arduous task was coordinated by Dr. Varju to whom I wish to express my appreciation for his whole-hearted assistance. After the Symposium the participants had the opportunity to visit the vineyards and cellars of the 'Balatonboglar' state holding which proved of great interest. The First International EUF Symposium owes its success to the excellent cooperation between the Biintehof Agricultural Research Station and the Hungarian Ministry of Agriculture, including the Central Research Institute for Chemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. The objective of the Symposium was to present the first results and experience gained with the EUF procedure, so that the papers delivered are only a survey of the present-day state of knowledge. The bulk of the work of editing, including the selection of the articles, fell on Prof. Dr. van Diest, Wageningen, for whose valuable advice and untiring efforts I wish to record my special thanks. Some of the papers presented at the Symposium have already been published elsewhere and they will not appear in this issue.

Biogas — Methangärung organischer Abfallstoffe: Grundlagen und Anwendungsbeispiele (Innovative Energietechnik)

Cardiovascular System Dynamics: Models and Measurements

Collective Action

Public choice, an important subdiscipline in the field of political theory, seeks to understand how people and societies make decisions affecting their collective lives. Relying heavily on theoretical models of decision making, public choice postulates that people act in their individual interests in making collective decisions. As it happens, however, reality does not mirror theory, and people often act contrary to what the principal public choice models suggest. In this book, Russell Hardin looks beyond the models to find out why people choose to act together in situations that the models find quite hopeless. He uses three constructs of modern political economy--public goods, the Prisoner's Dilemma, and game theory--to test public choice theories against real world examples of collective action. These include movements important in American society in the past few decades--civil rights, the Vietnam War, women's rights, and environmental concerns. This classic work on public choice will be of interest to theoreticians and graduate students in the fields of public choice, political economy, or political theory--and to those in other disciplines who are concerned with the problem of collective action in social contexts.

Current Issues in Natural Resource Policy (Routledge Revivals)

This volume offers an objective view of some of the most critical issues in natural resources. Written in nontechnical language, it uses ideas drawn from economics to look at the issues, examine how government laws and policies have caused some of them arise, and to find ways in which problems can be lessened. Originally published in 1982, this is a valuable resource for students interested in environmental studies and public policy.

Current Issues in Natural Resource Policy (Routledge Revivals)

This volume offers an objective view of some of the most critical issues in natural resources. Written in nontechnical language, it uses ideas drawn from economics to look at the issues, examine how government laws and policies have caused some of them arise, and to find ways in which problems can be lessened. Originally published in 1982, this is a valuable resource for students interested in environmental studies and public policy.

Disaster and Reconstruction (Routledge Revivals)

Originally published in 1982 and based on empirical research into the aftermath of the Friuli earthquake in Italy, the book reflects the perspective gained over a period of four years on the event itself and the subsequent response of the local population and national government. Unique insights were gained through one of the largest questionnaire surveys ever undertaken in a disaster situation and important questions are posed concerning the policies of reconstruction. Is a disaster ‘the great equalizer’ and does regional society emerge from it with redistributed power relationships, or are established structures reinforced? Who gets hurt and who benefits? What effects do poverty, regional remoteness from central government and the ethnic and cultural dimensions have on the situation? As a substantial treatment of a major catastrophe in all its aspects, this book will be of interest to students and researchers concerned with the impact of and response to natural hazards. It is based on a unique event, but the findings it reveals are relevant to all major catastrophes.

Disaster and Reconstruction (Routledge Revivals)

Originally published in 1982 and based on empirical research into the aftermath of the Friuli earthquake in Italy, the book reflects the perspective gained over a period of four years on the event itself and the subsequent response of the local population and national government. Unique insights were gained through one of the largest questionnaire surveys ever undertaken in a disaster situation and important questions are posed concerning the policies of reconstruction. Is a disaster ‘the great equalizer’ and does regional society emerge from it with redistributed power relationships, or are established structures reinforced? Who gets hurt and who benefits? What effects do poverty, regional remoteness from central government and the ethnic and cultural dimensions have on the situation? As a substantial treatment of a major catastrophe in all its aspects, this book will be of interest to students and researchers concerned with the impact of and response to natural hazards. It is based on a unique event, but the findings it reveals are relevant to all major catastrophes.

The Economics of Managing Chlorofluorocarbons: Stratospheric Ozone and Climate Issues (Routledge Revivals)

Chlorofluorocarbons are known to be effective spray can propellants, solvents and refrigerators and were often used in deodorants, refrigerators and other goods. However, it was not known at the beginning of their use, the complex reaction that CFCs have on the earth’s climate. Originally published in 1982, this report explores early research into the effect that CFCs have on the environment and provides guidance on how this emerging issue should be dealt with. This title will be of interest to students of Environmental Studies.

The Economics of Managing Chlorofluorocarbons: Stratospheric Ozone and Climate Issues (Routledge Revivals)

Chlorofluorocarbons are known to be effective spray can propellants, solvents and refrigerators and were often used in deodorants, refrigerators and other goods. However, it was not known at the beginning of their use, the complex reaction that CFCs have on the earth’s climate. Originally published in 1982, this report explores early research into the effect that CFCs have on the environment and provides guidance on how this emerging issue should be dealt with. This title will be of interest to students of Environmental Studies.

Environmental Factors and Cultural Measures Affecting The Nitrate Content in Spinach

The present investigation was carried out in the period 1977-1981 at the Department of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition of the Agricultural University Wageningen, Netherlands. This university supplied the major financial sup­ port through a research grant, with additional financial support rendered by the Dutch Nitrogen Fertilizer Industry and Unilever Research, Netherlands. This support is gratefully acknowledged. In the present form this report is the author's doctoral dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Agricul­ tural University. The author hereby wishes to thank prof. dr. ir. A. van Diest for his criti­ cal reading and correction of the English text, and drjr. J. H. G. Slangen for his valuable advices during the investigations and in the course of the preparation of this report. The au thor also acknowledges the valuable support received from several Agricultural Research Institutes and University Depart­ ments which made facilities and manpower available to conduct the ex­ periments and to transform the results obtained into the present report. Contents Preface / v Abstract / 1 List of ab breviations / 2 Introduction / 3 2 Literature / 6 2. 1 Nitrogen transformations in soil / 7 2. 2 Nitrate uptake / 7 Nitrate reduction in plants / 7 2. 3 2. 4 Nitrate contents in plants / 8 2. 5 Cultural measures / 9 2. 5. 1 Nitrogen dressing / 9 2. 5. 1. 1 Nitrogen amount / 9 2. 5 . 1.

Experimental Embryology of Vascular Plants

A long time ago botany used to be regarded as the scientia amabilis, the friendly science, eminently suitable for leisured amateurs. Since then, and particularly in this century, it has grown tremendously in its importance and in its intimate contacts with various other disciplines of science, some of which, like plant genetics and plant physiology, at one time indeed used to be included under the broad term botany. In spite of the fact that such subjects have expanded into major scientific fields of their own, botany, the mother science, continues to maintain its central place: this is because it deals with plants which constitute one of the most vital life-supporting systems of this planet. Furthermore, interacting and benefiting from advances made in other sciences, it has steadily progressed in a number of areas. Experimental embryology of vascular plants is one such field where spectacular advances have been made in recent years. The time is therefore particularly opportune for the publication of an authoritative book on the subject. It is very appropriate that the book has been planned and edited by Professor B. M. Johri, one of India's foremost botanists, whose contributions in embryology, plant morphology and morphogenesis are internationally known. He was closely associated over a number of years with Professor P. Maheshwari, the great botanist and embryologist, to whom the book is dedicated.

Ferns and Allied Plants: With Special Reference to Tropical America

This systematic treatment of the ferns and allied plants provides a modern classification of the Pteridophyta based on an assess­ ment of the wealth of new data published during the last few decades as well as on our own research. The accounts of the gen­ era include systematics, ecology, geography, spores and cytology and often other aspects of their biology. The scope of the work has involved all genera and the Old World species of those gen­ era represented in America. For a few American genera, that are especially complex in the Old World, it has been necessary to limit their treatment to the American representatives and this is specifically indicated in those cases. The eight American genera that do not occur in the tropics are treated in less detail. They are Camptosorus, Gymnocarpium, Matteuccia and Onoclea of North America, Arthropteris and Thyrsopteris of the Juan Fernandez Islands, Pleurosorus of southern South America, and the amphi­ tropical Cryptogramma. The complete generic nomenclature is included, except in a few specified cases where taxonomic complexities of the Old World elements have not been resolved. The synonyms and ac­ cepted names of subgeneric and sectional taxa are included only when pertinent to the generic nomenclature or to an infrageneric classification. Only the name of a publishing author is cited. There is no bibliographic purpose served by including the name of a person who was the source of, but did not validly publish, a name or epithet.

Freshwater Recreational Fishing: The National Benefits of Water Pollution Control (Routledge Revivals)

The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, signed into law in 1972, dramatically redirected the nation’s water pollution control efforts and set out ambitious national goals, expressed both in terms of discharge controls and of resulting water quality. Originally published in 1982, this title examines the benefits that a reduction in the discharge of water pollutants has for recreational fisherman including an increase in the total availability of fishable natural water bodies and an improvement in the aesthetic quality of the fishing experience. It is a valuable resource for students interested in environmental studies and public policy making.

Freshwater Recreational Fishing: The National Benefits of Water Pollution Control (Routledge Revivals)

The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, signed into law in 1972, dramatically redirected the nation’s water pollution control efforts and set out ambitious national goals, expressed both in terms of discharge controls and of resulting water quality. Originally published in 1982, this title examines the benefits that a reduction in the discharge of water pollutants has for recreational fisherman including an increase in the total availability of fishable natural water bodies and an improvement in the aesthetic quality of the fishing experience. It is a valuable resource for students interested in environmental studies and public policy making.