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The Little Book of Butterflies (Little Books of Nature #1)
by Andrei Sourakov Alexandra A. SourakovA charming, richly illustrated, pocket-size exploration of the world&’s butterfliesPacked with surprising facts, this delightful and gorgeously designed book will beguile any nature lover. Expertly written and beautifully illustrated throughout with color photographs and original color artwork, The Little Book of Butterflies is an accessible and enjoyable mini reference about the world&’s butterflies, with examples drawn from across the globe. It fits an astonishing amount of information in a small package, covering a wide range of topics—from anatomy, diversity, and reproduction to habitat and conservation. It also includes curious facts and a section on butterflies in myths, folklore, and modern culture from around the world. The result is an irresistible guide to the amazing lives of butterflies.A beautifully designed pocket-size book with a foil-stamped cloth coverFeatures some 140 color illustrations and photosMakes a perfect gift
The Little Book of Spiders (Little Books of Nature #3)
by Simon PollardA charming, richly illustrated, pocket-size exploration of the world&’s spidersPacked with surprising facts, this delightful and gorgeously designed book will beguile any nature lover. Expertly written and beautifully illustrated throughout with color photographs and original color artwork, The Little Book of Spiders is an accessible and enjoyable mini reference about the world&’s spiders, with examples drawn from across the globe. It fits an astonishing amount of information in a small package, covering a wide range of topics—from anatomy, diversity, and reproduction to habitat and conservation. It also includes curious facts and a section on spiders in myths, folklore, and modern culture from around the world. The result is an irresistible guide to the amazing lives of spiders.A beautifully designed pocket-size book with a foil-stamped cloth coverFeatures some 140 color illustrations and photosMakes a perfect gift
The Little Book of Spiders (Little Books of Nature #3)
by Simon PollardA charming, richly illustrated, pocket-size exploration of the world&’s spidersPacked with surprising facts, this delightful and gorgeously designed book will beguile any nature lover. Expertly written and beautifully illustrated throughout with color photographs and original color artwork, The Little Book of Spiders is an accessible and enjoyable mini reference about the world&’s spiders, with examples drawn from across the globe. It fits an astonishing amount of information in a small package, covering a wide range of topics—from anatomy, diversity, and reproduction to habitat and conservation. It also includes curious facts and a section on spiders in myths, folklore, and modern culture from around the world. The result is an irresistible guide to the amazing lives of spiders.A beautifully designed pocket-size book with a foil-stamped cloth coverFeatures some 140 color illustrations and photosMakes a perfect gift
The Little Book of Trees (Little Books of Nature #4)
by Herman Shugart Peter WhiteA charming, richly illustrated, pocket-size exploration of the world&’s treesPacked with surprising facts, this delightful and gorgeously designed book will beguile any nature lover. Expertly written and beautifully illustrated throughout with color photographs and original color artwork, The Little Book of Trees is an accessible and enjoyable mini reference about the world&’s trees, with examples drawn from across the globe. It fits an astonishing amount of information in a small package, covering a wide range of topics—from tree anatomy, diversity, and architecture to habitat and conservation. It also includes curious facts and a section on trees in myths, folklore, and modern culture from around the world. The result is an irresistible guide to the amazing lives of trees.A beautifully designed pocket-size book with a foil-stamped cloth coverFeatures some 140 color illustrations and photosMakes a perfect gift
The Little Book of Trees (Little Books of Nature #4)
by Herman Shugart Peter WhiteA charming, richly illustrated, pocket-size exploration of the world&’s treesPacked with surprising facts, this delightful and gorgeously designed book will beguile any nature lover. Expertly written and beautifully illustrated throughout with color photographs and original color artwork, The Little Book of Trees is an accessible and enjoyable mini reference about the world&’s trees, with examples drawn from across the globe. It fits an astonishing amount of information in a small package, covering a wide range of topics—from tree anatomy, diversity, and architecture to habitat and conservation. It also includes curious facts and a section on trees in myths, folklore, and modern culture from around the world. The result is an irresistible guide to the amazing lives of trees.A beautifully designed pocket-size book with a foil-stamped cloth coverFeatures some 140 color illustrations and photosMakes a perfect gift
Living with Energy Poverty: Perspectives from the Global North and South (Routledge Explorations in Energy Studies)
Living with Energy Poverty: Perspectives from the Global North and South expands our collective understanding of energy poverty and deepens our recognition of the phenomenon by engaging with the lived experiences of energy-poor households across different contexts.Understanding the lived experience of energy poverty is an essential component in the design of any effort to alleviate what is fundamentally a deep-rooted, multi-faceted, wickedly complex problem. This requires a nuanced understanding of the causal factors and the research methods that can respond to the flexible spatial and temporal nature of the condition, as well as its wellbeing and justice implications. Drawing together the expertise and connectedness of authors from the Global South and North, this book presents novel approaches to understanding the often hidden forms of domestic energy deprivation. Case studies from 20 countries provide critical perspectives on this phenomenon while analysing the policy practices, government strategy, and sustainability implications of divergent manifestations. The book takes a multidimensional perspective, challenging the bias towards energy production and service provision, which often do not align with the aspirations and realities of energy households across global contexts, thus facilitating a useful dialogue on the nature of energy poverty.The book is a timely source for policymakers, practitioners, and scholars seeking fresh, diverse insights into the everyday reality of energy poverty and wanting to better understand the challenges a people-centred, just energy transition can present.Chapter 1 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.Chapter 2 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.Chapter 22 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.
Living with Energy Poverty: Perspectives from the Global North and South (Routledge Explorations in Energy Studies)
by Paola Velasco-Herrejón Breffní Lennon Niall P. DunphyLiving with Energy Poverty: Perspectives from the Global North and South expands our collective understanding of energy poverty and deepens our recognition of the phenomenon by engaging with the lived experiences of energy-poor households across different contexts.Understanding the lived experience of energy poverty is an essential component in the design of any effort to alleviate what is fundamentally a deep-rooted, multi-faceted, wickedly complex problem. This requires a nuanced understanding of the causal factors and the research methods that can respond to the flexible spatial and temporal nature of the condition, as well as its wellbeing and justice implications. Drawing together the expertise and connectedness of authors from the Global South and North, this book presents novel approaches to understanding the often hidden forms of domestic energy deprivation. Case studies from 20 countries provide critical perspectives on this phenomenon while analysing the policy practices, government strategy, and sustainability implications of divergent manifestations. The book takes a multidimensional perspective, challenging the bias towards energy production and service provision, which often do not align with the aspirations and realities of energy households across global contexts, thus facilitating a useful dialogue on the nature of energy poverty.The book is a timely source for policymakers, practitioners, and scholars seeking fresh, diverse insights into the everyday reality of energy poverty and wanting to better understand the challenges a people-centred, just energy transition can present.Chapter 1 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.Chapter 2 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.Chapter 22 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.
Local Responses to Mine Closure in South Africa: Dependencies and Social Disruption (Routledge Studies of the Extractive Industries and Sustainable Development)
by Sethulego Matebesi Lochner Marais Verna NelThis book investigates mine closure and local responses in South Africa, linking dependencies and social disruption. Mine closure presents a major challenge to the mining industry and government policymakers globally, but particularly in the Global South. South Africa is experiencing notable numbers of mine closures, and this book explores the notion of social disruption, a concept often applied to describe the effects of mine growth on communities but often neglecting the impact of mine closures. The book begins with three theoretical chapters that discuss theory, closure cost frameworks and policy development in South Africa. It uses evolutionary governance theory to show how mining creates dependencies and how mining growth often blinds communities and governments to the likelihood of closure. Too easily, mining goes ahead with no concern for the possibility, or indeed inevitability, of eventual closure and how mining communities will cope. These impacts are showcased through eight place-based case studies from across South Africa, one focusing on mine workers, to demonstrate that mine closure causes significant social disruption. This book will be of interest to students and scholars researching the social impacts of mining and the extractive industries, social geography and sustainable development, as well as policymakers and practitioners working with mine closure and social impact assessments.
Local Responses to Mine Closure in South Africa: Dependencies and Social Disruption (Routledge Studies of the Extractive Industries and Sustainable Development)
This book investigates mine closure and local responses in South Africa, linking dependencies and social disruption. Mine closure presents a major challenge to the mining industry and government policymakers globally, but particularly in the Global South. South Africa is experiencing notable numbers of mine closures, and this book explores the notion of social disruption, a concept often applied to describe the effects of mine growth on communities but often neglecting the impact of mine closures. The book begins with three theoretical chapters that discuss theory, closure cost frameworks and policy development in South Africa. It uses evolutionary governance theory to show how mining creates dependencies and how mining growth often blinds communities and governments to the likelihood of closure. Too easily, mining goes ahead with no concern for the possibility, or indeed inevitability, of eventual closure and how mining communities will cope. These impacts are showcased through eight place-based case studies from across South Africa, one focusing on mine workers, to demonstrate that mine closure causes significant social disruption. This book will be of interest to students and scholars researching the social impacts of mining and the extractive industries, social geography and sustainable development, as well as policymakers and practitioners working with mine closure and social impact assessments.
Long Problems: Climate Change and the Challenge of Governing across Time
by Thomas HalePolitical strategies for tackling climate change and other &“long problems&” that span generationsClimate change and its consequences unfold over many generations. Past emissions affect our climate today, just as our actions shape the climate of tomorrow, while the effects of global warming will last thousands of years. Yet the priorities of the present dominate our climate policy and the politics surrounding it. Even the social science that attempts to frame the problem does not theorize time effectively. In this pathbreaking book, Thomas Hale examines the politics of climate change and other &“long problems.&” He shows why we find it hard to act before a problem&’s effects are felt, why our future interests carry little weight in current debates, and why our institutions struggle to balance durability and adaptability. With long-term goals in mind, he outlines strategies for tilting the politics and policies of climate change toward better outcomes.Globalization &“widened&” political problems across national boundaries and changed our understanding of politics and governance. Hale argues that we must make a similar shift to understand the &“lengthening&” of problems across time. He describes tools and strategies that can, under certain conditions, allow policymakers to anticipate future needs and risks, make interventions that get ahead of problems, shift time horizons, adapt to changing circumstances, and set forward-looking goals that endure. As the climate changes, politics must, too. Efforts to solve long-term problems—not only climate change but other issues as well, including technology governance and demographic shifts—can also be a catalyst for a broader institutional transformation oriented toward the long term. With Long Problems, Hale offers an essential guide to governing across time.
The Lost Paths: A History of How We Walk From Here To There
by Jack CornishDiscover the rich history of Britain's millennia-old network of pathways, and it will be impossible to take an unremarkable walk again . . .'A rallying cry to reclaim lost routes and preserve this precious resource for future generations' Walk Magazine___________Hundreds of thousands of miles of paths reach into, and connect, communities across England and Wales. But by 2026, 10,000 miles of undiscovered footpaths around Britain stand to be lost.Jack Cornish has dedicated the last five years of his life to walking these forgotten routes. Now, in The Lost Paths, he will show you just how special these forgotten rights of way are, and how embedded each path is in the history of Britain.Footpaths, tracks, country lanes and urban streets illuminate how our ancestors interacted with and shaped their landscapes in the pursuit of commerce, salvation, escape, war, and leisure. Paths are an often-overlooked part of our everyday life and our country's history, crucial to understanding the cultural and environmental history of us, as a nation, in our landscape.This is a celebration of an ancient network and a rallying cry to reclaim what has been lost and preserve it for future generations.
The Lost Sunlion (The Last Firefox #3)
by Lee NewberyThe third magical adventure in the Last Firefox series.When out-of-control weather brings danger to his home town, Charlie Challinor suspects that more than climate change might be to blame. Heading back to Fargone with Cadno the firefox, Lippy and Roo, Charlie discovers the magical realm is also in dire peril.The sinister giant Gawr has stolen the Cariad, the Heart of Fargone, mixing up the world's magic and plunging the land into chaos. With the Cariad's ancient guardian, the sunlion Llew, missing in action, only Charlie and his friends can save the day - but at what cost . . . ?
Lost to the Sea: A Journey Round the Edges of Britain and Ireland
by Lisa Woollett'An immersive and lyrically personal journey through deep-time and modern tides' RAYNOR WINN'Wondrous, elegant and haunting, Lost to the Sea is a fascinating alternative history of the fractured, flooded and eroded edges of Britain and Ireland' PHILIP HOAREMedieval kingdoms. Notorious pirate towns. Drowned churches. Crocodile-infested swamps.On a series of coastal walks, Lisa Woollett takes us on an illuminating journey, bringing to life the places where mythology and reality meet at the very edges of Britain and Ireland.From Bronze Age settlements on the Isles of Scilly and submerged prehistoric forests in Wales, to a Victorian amusement park on the Isle of Wight and castles in the air off County Clare, Lisa draws together archaeology, meetings with locals and tales from folklore to reveal how the sea has forged, shaped and often overwhelmed these landscapes and communities.Lost to the Sea is an exhilarating voyage around the ever-shifting shores of the British Isles, and a haunting ode to our profound relationship with the sea.'A hugely enjoyable mosaic of history, myth and imagination' SARA WHEELER'Beautifully written and researched . . . I was immediately tempted to head out in search of lost lands' WYL MENMUIR
Making the European Green Deal Work: EU Sustainability Policies at Home and Abroad (Routledge Studies on the Governance of Sustainability in Europe)
This book critically analyses different dimensions in the sustainable transitions outlined by the European Green Deal, focusing on both internal actions and external relations and highlighting the EU’s diverging powers and capabilities in achieving the core objectives. As with the Green Deal itself, the chapters cover different policies including financial instruments, energy policies, climate policies and external policies and apply the ideal-type logics of appropriateness and consequences to analyse sustainable transformations. The variety of the cases contribute to a broad understanding of how different actors interpret and implement the aims of the European Green Deal, including especially those lagging behind, who, for various reasons, are struggling with the sustainable transition. From examining their policies, the book illuminates the challenges and opportunities they are facing. Overall, the contributions address key questions surrounding the EU’s powers and limits in inducing transformative change and implementing the European Green Deal. This book will be of key interest to scholars, students and practitioners of EU sustainability policies, sustainability transitions and green economy, environmental studies, energy policy, energy governance and climate change, public policy, comparative politics and international relations.
Making the European Green Deal Work: EU Sustainability Policies at Home and Abroad (Routledge Studies on the Governance of Sustainability in Europe)
by Helene Dyrhauge and Kristina KurzeThis book critically analyses different dimensions in the sustainable transitions outlined by the European Green Deal, focusing on both internal actions and external relations and highlighting the EU’s diverging powers and capabilities in achieving the core objectives. As with the Green Deal itself, the chapters cover different policies including financial instruments, energy policies, climate policies and external policies and apply the ideal-type logics of appropriateness and consequences to analyse sustainable transformations. The variety of the cases contribute to a broad understanding of how different actors interpret and implement the aims of the European Green Deal, including especially those lagging behind, who, for various reasons, are struggling with the sustainable transition. From examining their policies, the book illuminates the challenges and opportunities they are facing. Overall, the contributions address key questions surrounding the EU’s powers and limits in inducing transformative change and implementing the European Green Deal. This book will be of key interest to scholars, students and practitioners of EU sustainability policies, sustainability transitions and green economy, environmental studies, energy policy, energy governance and climate change, public policy, comparative politics and international relations.
A Malaysian Ecocriticism Reader: Considerations of Nature, Culture, Place and Identities
by Agnes S. K. Yeow Wai Liang ThamThis collection of essays brings together ecocritical interpretations of Malaysian texts – including fiction, nonfiction, and other media / cultural expressions. It includes original works by environmental activists as well as emerging and established scholars, who collectively analyse various aspects of Malaysian ecological discourse.The contributors address crucial – and often controversial – topics such as local ecological imaginations, wildlife conservation, overdevelopment, postcolonial ecological identities, biopolitics, nature and sexuality, nature and race, the commodification of nature, nature–culture embodiments and entanglements, human–animal relations, waste and materiality, human and other-than-human agency, toxicity and slow violence, self-representations as well as attitudes towards land, nativity and indigeneity, migrancy and diaspora.Readers will gain valuable insights into the ways in which environments and ecological relationships are mediated within this national space, while opening up room to theorise beyond its boundaries.
Mammoth Stampede: Book 4 (Xtinct! #4)
by Ash StoneA giant woolly mammoth comes back to life in this action-packed adventure story.Time is running out! Barron Fox's hunting lodge is opening soon, and Jeevan discovers that he's planning a very big surprise for his guests - a woolly mammoth, brought back to life for them to hunt!If the lodge opens, the animals in the forest will be in danger too. Can Jeevan and his friends launch a daring rescue mission that tramples over Fox's plans?Perfect for fans of Beast Quest, Deadly 60 and Jurassic Park, these action-packed adventures will inspire readers to help save endangered species and combat extinction.
Management of Fruit Flies in the Americas
by Flávio Roberto Mello GarciaThis book comprises issues at the cutting edge of fruit fly management in the Americas, covering topics that are focal points of current activity and likely long-term importance to the progress of the field. The book is an invaluable source of ideas and inspiration for entomologists at all levels from graduate students to more-established researchers and professionals. Fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae) is the most important pests of fruit production worldwide. The purpose of this book is to integrate the experiences of leading scientists in the management of fruit flies in the Americas. In this work, species of fruit flies of economic importance are considered in the genera Anastrepha, Rhagoletis, Bactrocera, and Ceratitis. This book will address fruit flies monitoring, biological control, chemical control, cultural control, sterile insect technique (SIT), Integrated Pest Management (IPM), and other control methods. The book provides invaluable resource material to scientists, professionals and students.
Managing Destinations: From Theories to Practices (Bridging Tourism Theory and Practice #14)
by Noel Scott Manuela Guerreiro Patricia PintoTourism and hospitality managers around the world study tourism destination development and management. Topics such as land-use planning and strategy, transportation, law, and residents’ attitudes to development, are important but have been under-studied until now. Managing Destinations: From Theories to Practices discusses both the theory and current issues of destination management and provides examples of current practice. The authors include papers submitted to the t-Forum conference (2020) on the theme of destination management. Topics covered include policy, planning and strategy, stakeholders, new markets, infrastructure, transport and research and knowledge transfer with contributions from countries as diverse as Brazil, Croatia, Italy, Portugal, Russia, Saudi Arabia, and Spain.
Managing Destinations: From Theories to Practices (Bridging Tourism Theory and Practice #14)
by NOEL SCOTT, MANUELA GUERREIRO AND PATRÍCIA PINTOTourism and hospitality managers around the world study tourism destination development and management. Topics such as land-use planning and strategy, transportation, law, and residents’ attitudes to development, are important but have been under-studied until now. Managing Destinations: From Theories to Practices discusses both the theory and current issues of destination management and provides examples of current practice. The authors include papers submitted to the t-Forum conference (2020) on the theme of destination management. Topics covered include policy, planning and strategy, stakeholders, new markets, infrastructure, transport and research and knowledge transfer with contributions from countries as diverse as Brazil, Croatia, Italy, Portugal, Russia, Saudi Arabia, and Spain.
Managing Environmental Risks through Insurance: Legal and Economic Aspects (AIDA Europe Research Series on Insurance Law and Regulation #9)
by Katarzyna Malinowska Dorota MaśniakThis book identifies the role of insurance in a comprehensive system for managing environmental risks at the local, regional and global level. National and international legal instruments regulating environmental protection, especially aspects like pollution, are not precisely reflected in insurance concepts intended to cover environmental risks. As such, there is a need to identify environmental risks and to propose a taxonomy of environmental risks for various types of insurance coverage. The authors refer to the issues of liability in environmental protection, the scope of insurance coverage and comment on specific issues the importance of which has been noticed by the legislator or insurance practice. The book examines these issues horizontally and vertically from various standpoints, focusing on insurance as a means of managing environmental risks. In this regard, it mainly concentrates on (1) identifying and analyzing environmental risks and methods for managing them via private and public instruments, and (2) insuring these risks. The book is intended for all those interested in the field of insurance and environmental risk regimes, including lawyers, academics and legal professionals.
Managing Protected Areas: People and Places
by Niall Finneran Denise Hewlett Richard ClarkeThis open access book brings together 16 specially commissioned chapters drawn from a range of different professional-practitioner and academic global perspectives on the importance of the relationship between people and green and blue spaces. It focuses on issues surrounding the importance of natural environments on public health and wellbeing, and the environmental, cultural, and social importance of green and blue spaces that can result through responsible and sustainable adaptive management processes. It explores how the Covid-19 pandemic forced reconsiderations of our relationship with these natural spaces and highlights the important impact of the pace of climate change. While not pretending to have the answers, the stimulating and imaginative contributions embrace rich perspectives drawn from backgrounds as diverse as heritage studies, tourism, conservation, geography, policy formulation, public health, environmental health, research methods, history, literature, art, and theology.
Mapping Middle-earth: Environmental and Political Narratives in J. R. R. Tolkien's Cartographies (Perspectives on Fantasy)
by Dr Anahit BehroozIn this cutting-edge study of Tolkien's most critically neglected maps, Anahit Behrooz examines how cartography has traditionally been bound up in facilitating power. Far more than just illustrations to aid understanding of the story, Tolkien's corpus of maps are crucial to understanding the broader narratives between humans and their political and environmental landscapes within his legendarium. Undertaking a diegetic literary analysis of the maps as examples of Middle-earth's own cultural output, Behrooz reveals a sub-created tradition of cartography that articulates specific power dynamics between mapmaker, map reader, and what is being mapped, as well as the human/nonhuman binary that represents human's control over the natural world.Mapping Middle-earth surveys how Tolkien frames cartography as an inherently political act that embodies a desire for control of that which it maps. In turn, it analyses harmful contemporary engagements with land that intersect with, but also move beyond, cartography such as environmental damage; human-induced geological change; and the natural and bodily costs of political violence and imperialism. Using historical, eco-critical, and postcolonial frameworks, and such theorists as Michel Foucault, Donna Haraway and Edward Said, this book explores Tolkien's employment of particular generic tropes including medievalism, fantasy, and the interplay between image and text to highlight, and at times correct, his contemporary socio-political epoch and its destructive relationship with the wider world.
Marine Greens: Environmental, Agricultural, Industrial and Biomedical Applications
This book provides an in-depth overview of marine greens and their environmental and biotechnological applications. It addresses concepts such as the niche adaptation strategies of marine greens in their natural habitats, as well as their global distribution, and factors affecting their distribution and proliferation.Marine greens are posited as an alternative to fossil fuels, mitigating global climate change and thereby fostering future environmental sustainability. In addition, the book explains the remediation of xenobiotics, wastewater, microplastics, marine debris and marine green contamination. Expert authors from around the world explore the industrial and agricultural applications of marine greens in the production of enzymes and marine bioenergy, and what is needed to improve its production potential.This is important reading for government and non-governmental organizations as well as industries and research institutions looking for ways to combat current industrial and environmental challenges.
Marine Greens: Environmental, Agricultural, Industrial and Biomedical Applications
by Sesan Abiodun Aransiola, Oluwafemi Adebayo Oyewole, Naga Raju Maddela, Udeme Joshua Josiah Ijah, and Bangeppagari ManjunathaThis book provides an in-depth overview of marine greens and their environmental and biotechnological applications. It addresses concepts such as the niche adaptation strategies of marine greens in their natural habitats, as well as their global distribution, and factors affecting their distribution and proliferation.Marine greens are posited as an alternative to fossil fuels, mitigating global climate change and thereby fostering future environmental sustainability. In addition, the book explains the remediation of xenobiotics, wastewater, microplastics, marine debris and marine green contamination. Expert authors from around the world explore the industrial and agricultural applications of marine greens in the production of enzymes and marine bioenergy, and what is needed to improve its production potential.This is important reading for government and non-governmental organizations as well as industries and research institutions looking for ways to combat current industrial and environmental challenges.