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Pulmonary Function Tests in Clinical Practice (In Clinical Practice)
by Ali Altalag Jeremy Road Pearce Wilcox Kewan AboulhosnThis revised and updated book provides a simplified approach to interpreting most diagnostic tests in the field of respiratory medicine. Easy to understand and practical, it contains more than 125 illustrated diagrams and over 50 tables with essential information that summarize the various diagnostic tests and interpretative approaches in a simple and understandable fashion. Of special note are chapters on exercise testing and diagnostic tests for sleep disorders, the latter a new and emerging field. This new edition contains revised information based on the newest ATS guidelines.Pulmonary Function Tests in Clinical Practice Second Edition assists residents and fellows in internal medicine, pulmonology, allergology and critical care by explaining the key information obtained from lung volume measurement and increases understanding of pulmonary function tests within the modern diagnostic armamentarium.
Pediatric Critical Care: Current Controversies
by Christopher W. Mastropietro Kevin M. ValentineThis volume provides an overview of the most important current controversies in the field of pediatric intensive care. Organized into sections based on organ systems, the text focuses on controversies surrounding disease processes of the cardiac, respiratory, gastrointestinal, hematologic / immunologic, endocrine, and neurologic systems. Each chapter reviews the pros and cons of specific management approaches through case studies and the most up-to-date evidence-based resources, and concludes with bulleted take-home points for ease of use. Written by experts in the field, Pediatric Critical Care: Current Controversies is a valuable resource for intensivists, advanced practice providers, nurses, and other health care providers involved in the care of critically-ill children.
Mental Health of Refugee and Conflict-Affected Populations: Theory, Research And Clinical Practice
by Nexhmedin Morina Angela NickersonThis book provides an overview of theoretical, empirical, and clinical conceptualizations of mental health following exposure to human rights violations (HRV). There are currently hundreds of millions of individuals affected by war and conflict across the globe, and over 68 million people who are forcibly displaced. The field of refugee and post-conflict mental health is growing exponentially, as researchers investigate the factors that impact on psychological disorders in these populations, and design and evaluate new treatments to reduce psychological distress. This volume will be a substantial contribution to the literature on mental health in refugee and post-conflict populations, as it details the state of the evidence regarding the mental health of war survivors living in areas of former conflict as well as refugees and asylum-seekers.
Telefonische Beratung in Krisensituationen
by Christian H. SötemannDieses essential bietet wichtige Hintergründe und Informationen, wie Psychologen, Berater und Ehrenamtliche am Telefon konstruktiv beraten können. Ressourcen- und lösungsorientierte Haltungen und Fragemöglichkeiten werden dabei ebenso behandelt wie der Umgang mit stark belasteten, oft traumatisierten Anrufenden. Für alle am Telefon Beratenden im psychosozialen Bereich werden wertvolle Hinweise gegeben, die sowohl der Vertiefung bestehender Kenntnisse als auch als Einführung in diese besondere Art der psychosozialen Beratung dienen.
Neurochirurgische Therapie des Schädel-Hirn-Traumas
by Alexander König Uwe SpetzgerDas neurochirurgische Vorgehen bei Schädel-Hirn-Traumata wird detailliert und reich illustriert beschrieben: von der präklinischen und klinischen Erstversorgung über die indikationsspezifische Bildgebung bis zur Nachsorge und den Grundzügen der neurologischen Rehabilitation. Im Mittelpunkt steht die operative Versorgung des akuten Traumas, die für die typischen Verletzungsmuster Schritt für Schritt mit zahlreichen Illustrationen dargestellt wird. Zusätzlich gehen die Autoren auf die verschiedenen Formen der Kranioplastik zur Deckung des Kalottendefektes ein. Grundlage der Darstellung ist die umfassende Expertise der Autoren aus einem zertifizierten Traumazentrum.
Stereopsis and Hygiene (Current Topics in Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine)
by Hiroki Takada Masaru Miyao Sina FatehThis book outlines the principle and display methods of stereopsis, the biological effects of image viewing, and the effects on the human body, as well as its clinical significance. The authors also present the latest research findings and future prospects for stereopsis methods. In the field of medical care, the technique is useful for the 3-dimensional identification of lesions and affected regions; however, stereoscopic images can cause unpleasant symptoms including motion sickness, headache, and visual fatigue. With increasing opportunities for using the stereoscopic viewing technique in various other fields outside medicine, it is important to resolve the underlying issues of stereoscopic viewing and improve the diagnostic accuracy, safety of surgery and reduce the stress for physicians. Written by pioneering authors, Cutting Edge in Information Displays and Hygiene is a valuable resource for both new and established researchers and students seeking comprehensive information on stereoscopic imaging methods as well as professionals working in environmental/occupational health and health promotion.
Pre-emptive Medicine: Public Health Aspects of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (Current Topics in Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine)
by Fumihiro Sata Hideoki Fukuoka Mark HansonThis book reviews public health activities such as awareness campaigns, health education, and strategies for health policy based on recent epidemiological studies that provide insights into epigenetic processes caused by environmental factors and developmental plasticity. It provides the latest concepts and findings on the public health aspects of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) research regarding early prevention of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Attention is especially paid to key issues, including strategies for the effective prevention of NCDs in developmental stages of life and younger generations rather than in adults and the elderly.Public Health Aspects in Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) is structured in two parts; the first focuses on general remarks reviewing specific recommendations, practical methods and protocols, and future goals regarding public health aspects, while the second presents brief profiles of individual cohorts and consortia studies. This collection will benefit both new and established researchers, as well as students in the fields of epidemiology, clinical medicine, nutrition, education, and public health who are seeking comprehensive information on DOHaD and preemptive medicine.
A Practical Guide to the Evaluation of Child Physical Abuse and Neglect
by Angelo P. Giardino Michelle A. Lyn Eileen R. GiardinoThe impact of child maltreatment on victims, families, and society—from immediate medical care and legal services to long-term mental health care and law enforcement—cannot be understated. And it remains a severe problem in spite of increasing public awareness and stricter laws. To keep up with growing body of professionals staying informed on this subject, the third edition of A Practical Guide to the Evaluation of Child Physical Abuse and Neglect assists the reader in recognizing abuse/neglect (exclusive of sexual abuse) in children and youth, and determining its extent. Illustrated with clinical photographs, the Guide details systematic evaluation procedures, explains the tasks of an evaluation team, and expands and updates the knowledge base in these and other major areas:Specific injuries, including burns, bruises, fractures, and head and abdominal injuriesMalnourishment and other forms of neglectMedical child abuse (previously known as Munchausen Syndrome by Proxy)Maltreatment of children with special health care needsDomestic partner violencePrevention strategies, psychosocial assessment, collaborations with law enforcement and the courts, and moreThe new edition of A Practical Guide to the Evaluation of Child Physical Abuse and Neglect offers expert information useful to practitioners across professional domains: public health professionals in maternal and child health and school settings; physicians and nurses; clinical social workers, child psychologists, and school psychologists; and attorneys and law enforcement personnel.
Immunotherapy (Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology #995)
by Aung Naing Joud HajjarThe second edition of Immunotherapy is an updated overview of immuno-oncology in acute myleloid leukemia, non-small cell lung cancer and sarcomas, showcasing advances in the management of cancer broadly classified as hematological malignancies, solid tumors and tumors arising in the connective tissue. Scientists, oncologists and advanced students will be provided with knowledge of basic immunology in the context of tumor biology, providing a comprehensive overview of the cellular components of the immune system that interact with each other to provide a successful immune response. A number of new, scientific findings in his fast moving field have necessitated a thoroughly updated and revised edition including the use of immunotherapy for gastrointestinal and genitourinary cancers, as well as discussions on optimizing radiotherapy with immunotherapeutic approaches, biomarkers of response or resistance to immunotherapy, cancer imaging in immunotherapy, skin reactions to immune checkpoint inhibitors and more.As immunotherapeutic agents differ significantly from chemotherapeutic agents in response patterns and toxicity profiles, evaluating their safety and efficacy in clinical trials remains a challenge. The new edition will discuss the use of a variety of traditional and new immunotherapy criteria to evaluate response, their inadequacies and clinical implications. Additionally, the book will outline how new advances in medical imaging technology has the potential to provide high-dimensional data to improve decision support and individualize treatment selection and monitoring.Edited by two renowned experts in the field, the book’s chapters are written by a diverse cast of experts conducting cutting-edge research, providing the reader with the most up-to-date science.
Refugee Migration and Health: Challenges For Germany And Europe (Migration, Minorities And Modernity Ser. #4)
by Alexander Krämer Florian FischerThis book focuses on the closely interlinked areas of refugee migration and health. It discusses the main challenges of the recent unprecedented, extremely diverse and mostly unregulated refugee migration wave for Germany and Europe, and offers a broader view of refugee health from a European perspective. Health issues can lead to several challenges for refugees as well as healthcare providers, and as such the book also examines the requirements for the management of migrant populations in terms of medical care and health system adaptations, and includes theoretical aspects of refugee migration and health as well as various perspectives on the latest developments. Lastly, it describes the healthcare system demands and responses for short- and long-term care of refugees.
Percutaneous Coronary Interventions for Chronic Total Occlusion: A Guide To Success
by Yangsoo JangThis book equips readers with the knowledge required in order to successfully treat coronary chronic total occlusion by means of percutaneous coronary interventions. All the essential background knowledge is provided, including with regard to procedurally relevant histopathology, assessment of chronic total occlusion by means of angiography and computed tomography, patient preparation, and selection and use of guidewires. Both basic and advanced techniques employing antegrade and retrograde approaches are then described in detail with the aid of numerous high-quality illustrations that ensure ease of understanding. Helpful tips and tricks are highlighted, and guidance provided on the troubleshooting of problems and the prevention and management of complications. The book will serve as a superb guide for all who are involved in percutaneous coronary interventions for chronic total occlusion, including interventional cardiologists, fellows in training, nurses, and technicians in catheterization laboratories.
Semiparametric Regression with R (Use R!)
by Jaroslaw Harezlak David Ruppert Matt P. WandThis easy-to-follow applied book on semiparametric regression methods using R is intended to close the gap between the available methodology and its use in practice. Semiparametric regression has a large literature but much of it is geared towards data analysts who have advanced knowledge of statistical methods. While R now has a great deal of semiparametric regression functionality, many of these developments have not trickled down to rank-and-file statistical analysts. The authors assemble a broad range of semiparametric regression R analyses and put them in a form that is useful for applied researchers. There are chapters devoted to penalized spines, generalized additive models, grouped data, bivariate extensions of penalized spines, and spatial semi-parametric regression models. Where feasible, the R code is provided in the text, however the book is also accompanied by an external website complete with datasets and R code. Because of its flexibility, semiparametric regression has proven to be of great value with many applications in fields as diverse as astronomy, biology, medicine, economics, and finance. This book is intended for applied statistical analysts who have some familiarity with R.
Regulatory and Economic Aspects in Oncology (Recent Results in Cancer Research #213)
by Evelyn WalterThis book explores topics of importance to all who have an interest in economic methods for assessment of the efficacy and effectiveness of new cancer treatments and in regulatory measures relating to their marketing authorization and pricing. Targeted therapies and modern immunotherapy are placing a substantial strain on health care budgets. Regulation and economic methods to assess the parameters for establishing efficacy and effectiveness are therefore of prime importance. Payer authorities have to determine whether the use of these novel therapies yields clinical benefits that justify their increasing cost. In the simplest terms, cost-effectiveness analyses quantify the ratio between the extent to which an intervention raises healthcare costs and the extent to which it improves health outcomes. Rigorous cost-effectiveness analyses translate all health outcomes into quality-adjusted life years. On the other hand, in order to sustain innovation, price regulations must be coupled with efforts to ensure that drug companies are still able to recoup their investments in high-risk and high-costs research programs. Ultimately, decisions regarding health care expenditures are also a question of society’s willingness to pay.
The Origin of a New Progenitor Stem Cell Group in Human Development: An Immunohistochemical-, Light- And Electronmicroscopical Analysis (Advances In Anatomy, Embryology And Cell Biology Ser. #230)
by Hubert Wartenberg Andreas Miething Kjeld MøllgårdThis book presents an overview of a new group of progenitor stem cells. Their origins were originally detected in light- and electron microscopical sections of plastic embedded human embryonal and fetal organs. The distribution of these cells can result in a large quantity of ectopic stem cells. The observation of these ectopic stem cells leads us to postulate the existence of a basic wave of stem cell progenitors. This process proceeds earlier and independently from germ cell migration. This first wave of progenitor stem cell migration initially reaches the peri-aortal AMG-region (Aortal-Mesonephric-Gonadal region). From here, some of these progenitor cells enter the aorta, are distributed through the vascular system and become the embryonal stem cells (reserve cells) in many peripheral tissues. A second part delivers progenitor cells for the adrenal 'anlage'. Within the peripheral Zona definitiva of the adrenal cortex the progenitor cells multiplicate and subsequently leave the adrenal cortex through a gate of the capsule. The progenitor cells arrive at the pre-aortal sympathic plexus ('second brain'). Within the plexus ganglia they form new organ-like clusters, the paraganglia. In a second process the progenitor cells (Chromaffine cells) enter sympathetic nerve bundles. Here an 'axonal migration' starts, which guides the progenitor cells to several peripheral organs. During this migration process the stem cells develop into their final state. In the adrenal cortex the ingrowing nerves guide the stem cells to the adrenal medulla. In the pancreas the ingrowing nerve fibers guide the stem cells to the islets. These newly detected stem cells represent a specific developmental step which is found only in humans.
Starch, Chitin and Chitosan Based Composites and Nanocomposites
by Merin Sara Thomas Rekha Rose Koshy Siji K. Mary Sabu Thomas Laly A. PothanThis brief explores recent progress in the area of polysaccharides and their composites and nanocomposites. It is a complete resource for the evolving field of polysaccharide based biomaterials and their applications in different fields. The volume focuses on their composition, properties, characterization, chemistry and applications and also highlights recent developments in polysaccharide based composites and nanocomposites spurred by advances in polymer technology and biotechnology. Divided into different sections featuring alginates, carrageenans, cellulose, starch, chitin, chitosan, gums, etc, each chapter presents chemical, physical, and biological attributes, and reviews the recent research performed such as drug carriers, selective water absorption materials from oil-water emulsions, purification of water, biomedical applications, etc. The authors hope that this brief will help to inspire scientists towards novel sources for chemicals, materials, and energy in the years to come.
Liver Cancers: From Mechanisms To Management
by Tim Cross Daniel H. PalmerThis book explores in detail the primary liver cancers of hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma examining the pathogenesis of disease along with diagnosis and current management options together with exploration of future treatment strategies and areas of controversy. Furthermore, the book highlights management of the common secondary malignancies and touches on benign liver tumours and how to best manage these. Written in a clear and didactic style, this volume includes summaries of the key learning points and questions so that the reader can gauge their knowledge and understanding. This book is aimed to broaden the knowledge base of primary care physicians, general physicians along with specialists in hepatology, oncology and hepato-biliary surgery
Spinal Tumor Surgery: A Case-based Approach
by Daniel M. SciubbaThis practical, step-wise text covers the surgical approaches, resection strategies and reconstruction techniques used for each type of presenting tumor of the spine. Demonstrating the variety of anterior, posterior and intradural approaches and stabilization techniques, and spanning from pathologies of the craniocervical region to sacral and intradural pathologies, each chapter is generously illustrated with figures, radiographs and intraoperative photos. The chapters themselves follow a consistent and user-friendly format: the anatomy and biomechanics of a specific region, patient evaluation, essential oncologic principles, the decision-making process, and technical steps of surgery. A representative case illustration is provided at the conclusion of each chapter, exemplifying pertinent concepts described. Additionally, video segments accompany selected chapters, providing real-time illustration of surgical techniques. Technical and in-depth, yet highly accessible, Spinal Tumor Surgery: A Case-Based Approach is an essential resource for orthopedic spine surgeons, neurosurgeons, and surgical oncologists operating on tumors of the spine.
The Massachusetts General Hospital Guide to Learning Disabilities: Assessing Learning Needs Of Children And Adolescents (Current Clinical Psychiatry)
by H. Kent Wilson Ellen B. BraatenThis book connects experts in the field of child assessment to provide child psychiatrists with knowledge in evaluation and educational programming. The book provides a review of the latest science behind: common learning disabilities, including etiology and guidelines for assessment/diagnosis; neurodevelopmental disorders, like learning disabilities, ADHD; psychiatric disorders in childhood such as mood and anxiety disorders; and impact learning and development protocols. The Massachusetts General Hospital Guide to Learning Disabilities evaluates the interventions that are effective in addressing these learning challenges in the context of multiple factors in a way that no other current text does. Special topics such as special education law and managing the needs of transitional age youth allow psychiatrists to support their patients’ and their families as they navigate the system. By offering a better understanding the learning needs of their patients, this texts gives readers the tools to consult with families and educators regarding how to address the learning needs of their patients at school and in other settings. The Massachusetts General Hospital Guide to Learning Disabilities is a vital took for child psychiatrists, students, assessment professionals, and other professionals studying or working with children suffering from learning disabilities.
Slow Care – Pflegen ohne Zeitdruck: Perspektiverweiterungen Für Pflegende (Essentials)
by Adelheid Von SpeeDieses essential befasst sich mit der Reflexion des eigenen Zeit- und Pflegeverständnisses. Adelheid von Spee geht in dem Band dem Zeitdruck durch Sprache, z.B. durch das Benutzen von Beschleunigungswörtern wie: „mal eben, schnell noch, kurz mal….“, nach und sensibilisiert für die Sprache als ein Werkzeug der Entschleunigung. Im Zentrum des Buches wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie Pflege in angemessener Geschwindigkeit gestaltet werden kann, so dass alle am Pflegeprozess beteiligten Personen mitgehen können und eine professionelle pflegerische Wahrnehmung und Beobachtung möglich ist. Das Buch leitet dazu an, die eigenen Slow Care Momente wahrzunehmen und zu sammeln und richtet den Blick auf das Gelingende.
UV-GOÄ 2019 Kommentar
by Peter M. Hermanns Enrico Schwartz Thomas Tiling Alexander Eisenkolb Karl-Heinz Hoffmann Wolfgang LandendörferUV-GOÄ, Arbeitsunfälle und Berufskrankheiten Gute Leistung muss gut bezahlt werden Zuständigkeit auf einen Blick Tabellen/Adressen der UV-Träger, BGs - nach Branchen geordnet Mit allen praxisrelevanten Kommentierungen, inklusive Ausgewählte Arbeitshinweise der UV-TrägerBeschlüsse der Ständigen GebührenkommissionAktuelle Gerichtsurteile Abrechnung Kommentierte Gebührenpositionen mit den aktuellen Honoraren der allgemeinen und besonderen HeilbehandlungAngabe der AusschlüsseÜbersichtstabellen erleichtern bei schwierigen Abrechnungsfällen die korrekte Zuordnung zu entsprechenden GebührenordnungspositionenMit den Honorarerhöhungen ab 1.10.2018 Inklusive Verletzungsartenverzeichnis„Berufskrankheiten“: Definition, Was ist zu tun? Erläuterungen zur ärztlichen Anzeige bei begründetem Verdacht einer Berufskrankheit, Liste der anerkannten Berufskrankheiten, die von den UV-Trägern vorgeschriebene Diagnostik, Checkliste zur Meldung einer Berufskrankheit, BegutachtungsempfehlungenGebührenverzeichnis „Einbindung von ärztlichen und psychologischen Psychotherapeuten in das Heilverfahren der UV-Träger“Gebührenverzeichnis niedergelassener Physio- und ErgotherapeutenÄnderungen der ständigen Gebührenkommission zur Höhe der Vergütung und der Leistungsbeschreibung verschiedener Gebührenpositionen Alle Informationen für die erfolgreich optimierte Abrechnung im Praxisalltag: korrekt, verlässlich, vollständig. Aktualisierungsservice: Aktuelle Änderungen und Ergänzungen als pdf auf www.springermedizin.de/HermannsUV-GOÄ
The 3-Dimensional Atlas of the Marmoset Brain: Reconstructible In Stereotaxic Coordinates (Brain Science)
by Atsushi Iriki Hirotaka James Okano Erika Sasaki Hideyuki OkanoThis book provides accurate, comprehensive, and convenient reference for usages of the “freely rotatable three dimensional combined Nissl-stained and MRI digital data of the marmoset brain”. The key features of the original 3D digital data and of this atlas are: 1. The original digital datasets are freely rotatable in three dimensions, thus expected to be useful for any disciplines and anatomical interest, using any coordinate system, 2. Combined Nissl stained and MRI images are obtained from the same marmoset, to allow cross-modality matched references for multiple usages, 3. 86 Horizontal Series of Images with Neurosurgical Plane (based on the actual data), with more accuracy and resolution (Chapter 2) than the web-based digital images, 4. 32 Coronal Series of Images with Neurosurgical Plane (reproduced from the brain model) (Chapter 3), 5. 10 Parasagittal Series of Images with Neurosurgical Plane (reproduced from the brain model) (Chapter 4), 6. 3 Omnidirectionally Sliceable Planes (reproduced from the brain model) (Chapter 5), 7. In order to provide higher resolution structures to match systematic accuracy for supplementation of the digital data on the website, additional information are included. They are: 1) Nomenclature, 2) List of Brain Structures in Hierarchical Order, 3) Index of Abbreviations, together with 143 useful Bibliographic References list as of 2016, 8. Horsley-Clarke’s stereotaxic coordinates were adopted in the present atlas.
Atlas of Ocular Trauma (Ocular Trauma)
by Hua YanThis book aims to provide comprehensive pictures of ocular trauma illustrating signs, examinations and surgical procedures to clinical practitioners including the nurses, medical students, residents, fellows and ophthalmologists, and help them make the appropriate decision on the diagnosis and management of such patients.The first chapter gives a general introduction of ocular trauma which helps clinical practitioners generate the basic ideas of classification of ocular trauma and understand general principles of examination and first-aid management of such patients. The following chapters cover all types of ocular trauma with the comprehensive pictures combined with brief case studies. For each disease, a brief introduction, explanation as well as management are offered to the readers. With the illustrative figures, making the right diagnose, offering the best advice or treatment to the patients, and understanding surgical procedures would be easily achieved. The highlight of this book is that the diagnosis and treatment of each disease are concentrated on the pictures and practitioners would understand a sign or even a disease in one visual sweep. Since ophthalmology is such an imaging-heavy specialty, and ocular trauma comes as an emergency condition at most of the time, making the right decision for ocular traumatic patients the first glance is necessary for daily clinical practice. Hopefully this book may help the audiences to be prepared for any challenge of ocular traumatic cases.
Effective Treatments for Pain in the Older Patient
by Grace A. Cordts Paul J. ChristoThis clinically focused book provides the essential modalities for managing pain in older patients. Chapters cover a variety of topics important for clinicians, including effective approaches, evaluation, acute and chronic pain, interventional strategies, and addiction issues. Complexities in assessing and treating pain when presented with multiple comorbidities and the unique physical, cognitive, and sensory changes that occur in the elderly are discussed in detail. Practical, concise and authored by leaders in pain medicine, this will serve as an invaluable guide to practitioners that care for older people.
The Route to Patient Safety in Robotic Surgery (Springer Proceedings in Advanced Robotics #126)
by Lorenzo Grespan Paolo Fiorini Gianluca ColucciThe introduction of a new technology in a consolidated field has the potential to disrupt usual practices and create a fertile ground for errors. An example is robotic surgery that is now used in most surgical specialties, pushed by technology developers and enthusiastic surgeons. To analyze the potential impact of robotic surgery on patient safety, a consortium of major European Universities started the project SAFROS whose findings are summarized and further elaborated in the three parts of this book. Part one describes safety in complex systems such as surgery, how this may disrupt the traditional surgical workflow, how safety can be monitored, and the research questions that must be posed. Part two of the book describes the main findings of this research, by identifying the risks of robotic surgery and by describing where its ancillary technologies may fail. This part addresses features and evaluation of anatomic imaging and modeling, actions in the operating room, robot monitoring and control, operator interface, and surgical training. Part three of the book draws the conclusions and offers suggestions on how to limit the risks of medical errors. One possible approach is to use automation to monitor and execute parts of an intervention, thus suggesting that robotics and artificial intelligence will be major elements of the operating room of the future.
Extrusion Bioprinting of Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications
by Daniel X. ChenThis book introduces readers to the theory and practice of extrusion bio-printing of scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. The author emphasizes the fundamentals and practical applications of extrusion bio-printing to scaffold fabrication, in a manner particularly suitable for those who wish to master the subject matter and apply it to real tissue engineering applications. Readers will learn to design, fabricate, and characterize tissue scaffolds to be created by means of extrusion bio-printing technology.