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The Profit of Peace: Corporate Responsibility in Conflict Regions
by Karolien Bais Mijnd HuijserIt may seem a strange notion to give the private sector a role in conflict prevention or resolution, but multinational corporations (MNCs) do have some characteristics that make them good partners in a well-designed strategy for peace and stability. By focusing on their core competencies, their presence in a conflict region can help to provide prosperity for rebuilding society and its institutions, and improved respect for human rights. This book is not a song of praise for MNCs in general. There is a litany of examples of companies that feel no shame in profiting from conflicts by trading weapons or illegal resources, that prolong war by supporting one or other of the parties, or that are only in a war-torn country because the lawlessness suits them well. Even companies that refrain from such criminal activities cannot be envisaged as potential peace-builders if they profit unscrupulously from cheap labour or cheap subcontractors. Instead, this book is about corporations that are disposed to ethical, responsible entrepreneurship: companies that balance their desire for profit with compliance with international business and human rights standards and with a genuine investment in local workers, environmental protection, social development and stability. Worldwide about 60,000 MNCs work in over 70 conflict regions. They operate in regions where social unrest is harshly repressed, where outright fighting takes place, or where civil war has recently ended. Whatever the attitude of multinationals and whatever their area of business, they influence conflicts or are themselves influenced by conflicts. Even if they do not directly invest in or trade with a conflict region, they always risk being associated with those conflicts. The Profit of Peace examines how multinationals can use their core business competencies to promote peace and stability in conflict regions and what role – if any – business has in diplomacy. To investigate these questions the authors interviewed CEOs and high-level managers of multinationals working in 'challenging' countries such as Afghanistan, Burma and Rwanda. The interviewees provided extraordinarily candid views on both the practical and ethical issues that occur when operating under extremely volatile circumstances. The lessons learned by these managers make the book invaluable for any manager working for a large company in a region of unrest. Two vital elements emerged. Firstly, the ability to manage cultural differences is a key factor for success. Without a keen sense of the differences in management styles, in perceptions of ethics and morality, and in the values behind political opinions, every peace effort is doomed to fail. Secondly, ethically correct decisions do not necessarily lead to ethically correct results. It was not the objective of the authors to judge which of the parties in conflict regions are right or wrong. Rather, they wanted to find out what kind of attitude at the end of the day contributes most effectively to conflict prevention or stabilisation of a region. In other words, in this book corporate responsibility is measured by the results and not by the intentions. All of the CEOs interviewed for this book were well aware of the fact that their companies operating in conflict regions would always influence the conflict one way or another. This awareness in itself is quite extraordinary, and it shows that the indifferent comment "business is business" by and large belongs to a past era. Also extraordinary was that the managers allowed such a frank look into their sanctuary, since this candour makes them all the more vulnerable to criticism. Through the information from the interviewees and from other managers who have experience in conflict regions, the book outlines the ingredients for an approach that can best lead to a solution of conflicts and to greater stability. It will only be in the long run that we will be able to establish how successful the new profession of 'business diplomat' can be, but in the m
The Profit of Peace: Corporate Responsibility in Conflict Regions
by Karolien Bais Mijnd HuijserIt may seem a strange notion to give the private sector a role in conflict prevention or resolution, but multinational corporations (MNCs) do have some characteristics that make them good partners in a well-designed strategy for peace and stability. By focusing on their core competencies, their presence in a conflict region can help to provide prosperity for rebuilding society and its institutions, and improved respect for human rights. This book is not a song of praise for MNCs in general. There is a litany of examples of companies that feel no shame in profiting from conflicts by trading weapons or illegal resources, that prolong war by supporting one or other of the parties, or that are only in a war-torn country because the lawlessness suits them well. Even companies that refrain from such criminal activities cannot be envisaged as potential peace-builders if they profit unscrupulously from cheap labour or cheap subcontractors. Instead, this book is about corporations that are disposed to ethical, responsible entrepreneurship: companies that balance their desire for profit with compliance with international business and human rights standards and with a genuine investment in local workers, environmental protection, social development and stability. Worldwide about 60,000 MNCs work in over 70 conflict regions. They operate in regions where social unrest is harshly repressed, where outright fighting takes place, or where civil war has recently ended. Whatever the attitude of multinationals and whatever their area of business, they influence conflicts or are themselves influenced by conflicts. Even if they do not directly invest in or trade with a conflict region, they always risk being associated with those conflicts. The Profit of Peace examines how multinationals can use their core business competencies to promote peace and stability in conflict regions and what role – if any – business has in diplomacy. To investigate these questions the authors interviewed CEOs and high-level managers of multinationals working in 'challenging' countries such as Afghanistan, Burma and Rwanda. The interviewees provided extraordinarily candid views on both the practical and ethical issues that occur when operating under extremely volatile circumstances. The lessons learned by these managers make the book invaluable for any manager working for a large company in a region of unrest. Two vital elements emerged. Firstly, the ability to manage cultural differences is a key factor for success. Without a keen sense of the differences in management styles, in perceptions of ethics and morality, and in the values behind political opinions, every peace effort is doomed to fail. Secondly, ethically correct decisions do not necessarily lead to ethically correct results. It was not the objective of the authors to judge which of the parties in conflict regions are right or wrong. Rather, they wanted to find out what kind of attitude at the end of the day contributes most effectively to conflict prevention or stabilisation of a region. In other words, in this book corporate responsibility is measured by the results and not by the intentions. All of the CEOs interviewed for this book were well aware of the fact that their companies operating in conflict regions would always influence the conflict one way or another. This awareness in itself is quite extraordinary, and it shows that the indifferent comment "business is business" by and large belongs to a past era. Also extraordinary was that the managers allowed such a frank look into their sanctuary, since this candour makes them all the more vulnerable to criticism. Through the information from the interviewees and from other managers who have experience in conflict regions, the book outlines the ingredients for an approach that can best lead to a solution of conflicts and to greater stability. It will only be in the long run that we will be able to establish how successful the new profession of 'business diplomat' can be, but in the m
Child Rights in India: Law, Policy, and Practice
by Asha BajpaiLegislation is one of the most important tools for empowering children. It reflects the commitment of the state to promote an ideal and progressive value system. Recent years have seen several key developments in the law, policy, and practice related to child rights. Significantly, with the adoption of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child in 1989, a rights-based approach has acquired prominence in the child rights discourse across the world. The book analyses the laws in the light of court judgments and policy initiatives taken in India. It also examines the interventions and strategies employed by non-governmental organizations in recommending legislative reforms in support of children. This fully revised third edition focuses on the new legal developments in India—such as the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015; the new Central Adoption Resource Agency guidelines; the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009; and the National Food Security Act, 2013—thus attempting to integrate the law in theory and field practice.
From Exploitation to Empowerment: A Socio-Legal Model of Rehabilitation and Reintegration of Intellectually Disabled Children
by Asha BajpaiThis book presents the outcomes of a field action project at the Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS). Project Chunauti (English translation: Project Challenge) focused on a group of intellectually disabled, orphan children who were survivors of abuse, exploitation and neglect, and describes their journey toward empowerment. It offers a vision and a reproducible, adaptable model for rehabilitation that can foster the social re-integration of intellectually disabled orphans at institutions. As the implementation of laws is especially important for vulnerable groups, the book also outlines a socio-legal approach that not only impacts the children directly, but can also bring about policy level reforms.Project Chunauti was born out of the need to explore options for these children and to set standards for their care, protection, rehabilitation and social re-integration. The core objectives of the project were to provide support and services, including counseling, education, life skills and vocational skills training, as well as medical and psychiatric support to help them overcome the trauma of abuse and exploitation. Its further goal was to train the staff of state-run homes and state authorities, helping them prepare and implement care plans and rehabilitation, combat child sexual abuse and malnutrition, employ positive disciplining, and better understand disabilities. The book also draws on the Project team’s experiences of rolling out the replication process in Maharashtra. This book highlights the role of the courts, media and other stakeholders in the journey towards empowerment and justice. It is a combination of social-work methods, application and implementation of law and legal advocacy, as well as best practices for protecting children’s rights and developing rehabilitation and re-integration projects for intellectually disabled, orphaned children in India. The interventions detailed here provide a reproducible, adaptable model of intervention for children in institutional care across the country.
Human Rights and Legal Services for Children and Youth: Global Perspectives
by Asha Bajpai David W. Tushaus Mandava Rama Krishna PrasadThis book discusses legal services clinics and various other access-to-justice initiatives that are established to protect and represent the rights and interests of children and youth in several countries across the globe. These could include legal services or access-to-justice clinics run by government or universities or community. The book has contributions from academicians, lawyers, researchers and legal professionals from several counties including India, UK, USA, Brazil, Australia, Indonesia, Poland, and Spain, which discuss how they represent children and youth in their countries. The book looks at how these access-to-justice initiatives currently provide assistance, what are the child friendly justice procedures they use, and best practices that can be replicable in other jurisdictions. The chapters contain findings of field research studies, some case studies, and models related to these topics. There are recommendations on ways to strengthen access-to-justice and legal services for empowering children and youth. The main goal is to create a resource for readers who want to expand child advocacy opportunities in their own universities and communities. The reader may also learn how to conduct legislative advocacy and case law advocacy to improve laws in other jurisdictions; and take-away best and replicable initiatives. The practices could be adaptable by other clinics and countries. The book will be useful to child rights advocates and defenders, students of law, legal researchers, civil society organizations, legal services authorities, legal aid institutions, educational institutions, school authorities, juvenile justice authorities, clinical legal educators, justice educators, justice practitioners and law and policy makers.
Hate Crime in India: Understanding Nuanced Discrimination Against North-Eastern Population
by G. S. Bajpai Garima Pal Tusha Singh Advait TambeThis book investigates perceptions against the people of north-east India, and why such prejudicial attitude exists. It subsequently quantifies and develops measures to counter such stereotypes and affiliated violence. This research examines the north-east Indian population’s and the general Indian population’s understanding of hate crime against the north-eastern population in metropolitan cities of India, both in concept and in perpetration. Further, it evaluates the existing constitutional and statutory provisions in India to determine if the proposed legislation and provisions are sufficient with regards to hate crime against north-eastern people of India. Drawing on empirical research addressing racial hate crimes in Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Chennai, Hyderabad and Pune, this book’s case studies provide a qualitative dive to the problem and offer experiential analysis in order to curate preventive measures. This book is ideal for scholars, researchers, teachers and students interested in hate crime, racial violence, minority struggles, victimology, and law.
Aktienrecht zwischen Markt und Staat: Eine ökonomische Kritik des Prinzips der Satzungsstrenge (Ökonomische Analyse des Rechts)
by Jacek BakAuf der Grundlage institutionenökonomischer Ansätze unterzieht Jacek Bak die Rechtfertigung des zwingenden Aktienrechts theoretisch und empirisch einer kritischen Überprüfung. Im Mittelpunkt steht die Frage, ob das zwingende Aktienrecht gesamtwirtschaftlich höhere Kosten verursacht, als es Nutzen bringt.
Childhood Under Siege: How Big Business Ruthlessly Targets Children
by Joel BakanThere is now an estimated 1 trillion dollars of buying power in the hands of children.Tens of millions of children world-wide are prescribed psychotropic drugs today, compared to close to none in 1980.Food and drink industries spend billions each year marketing junk food to children.This is the story of how big businesses are transforming our children into obsessive and narcissistic mini-consumers, media addicts and pharmaceutical industry guinea pigs. In this insightful and chilling exploration, Joel Bakan throws a brilliant light on the ruthless manipulation of children and on our failure to protect them.
The Corporation: The Pathological Pursuit of Profit and Power
by Joel BakanNew Edition What would the world be like if its ruling elite was insane? The most powerful class of institution on earth, the corporation, is by any reasonable measure hopelessly and unavoidably demented. The corporation lies, steals and kills without remorse and without hesitation when it serves the interests of its shareholders to do so. It obeys the law only when the costs of crime exceed the profits. Corporate social responsibility is impossible except insofar as it is insincere. At once a diagnosis and a course of treatment, The Corporation is essential reading for those who want to understand the nature of the modern business system. It is a sober and careful attempt to describe the world as it is, rather than as corporate public relations departments would have us believe it to be. It reveals a world more exotic and more terrifying than any of us could have imagined. And although a billion dollar industry is trying to convince you otherwise, the corporations that surround us are not our friends. Charming and plausible though they are, they can only ever see us as resources to be used. This is the real world, not science fiction, and it really is us or them.
A Meaningful Life at Work: The Paradox of Wellbeing (Emerald Points)
by Raida Abu Bakar Rosmawani Che Hashim Sharmila Jayasingam Safiah Omar Norizah Mohd MustamilA Meaningful Life at Work addresses a range of contemporary issues that impact on an individual's experiences in the workplace, including those that may restrict opportunities for personal growth in a professional setting. Understanding an employee's values, their choices and the problems they face in the workplace may help organisations to better structure their human resource policies, compensation packages and working conditions. The authors explore employee wellbeing from a Malaysian perspective as a developing country, but they also reflect on the broader Asian and wider global context. The key themes analysed in this book include work addiction, cyber bullying, sexual harassment in the workplace and the ethics of workplace behaviour. The book contributes to the theoretical discourse around organisation studies and employee wellbeing, while also seeking to integrate academic concepts with practice. In this way, it offers practical steps towards promoting positivity and happiness in the workplace.
A Meaningful Life at Work: The Paradox of Wellbeing (Emerald Points)
by Raida Abu Bakar Rosmawani Che Hashim Sharmila Jayasingam Safiah Omar Norizah Mohd MustamilA Meaningful Life at Work addresses a range of contemporary issues that impact on an individual's experiences in the workplace, including those that may restrict opportunities for personal growth in a professional setting. Understanding an employee's values, their choices and the problems they face in the workplace may help organisations to better structure their human resource policies, compensation packages and working conditions. The authors explore employee wellbeing from a Malaysian perspective as a developing country, but they also reflect on the broader Asian and wider global context. The key themes analysed in this book include work addiction, cyber bullying, sexual harassment in the workplace and the ethics of workplace behaviour. The book contributes to the theoretical discourse around organisation studies and employee wellbeing, while also seeking to integrate academic concepts with practice. In this way, it offers practical steps towards promoting positivity and happiness in the workplace.
Taking the Law into their Own Hands: Lawless Law Enforcers in Africa (The Making of Modern Africa)
by Bruce BakerOver much of Africa, crime and insurgency are a serious problem and one in which the distinction between the two is being eroded. Left without state protection people have sought to preserve their lives and property through vigilante groups and militias that pay scant attention to the law or human rights. Likewise, the state security forces, under pressure to cut crime and rebel activity, readily discard lawful procedures. Torture provides them with vital information, whilst extra-judicial executions save the need to go through the prolonged criminal justice system. After a general overview of the role of the rule of law in a democratic society, Bruce Baker provides five case studies that capture the current complex realities and their impact on the new democracies. The citizen responses considered are vigilantes in East African pastoral economies, The Bakassi Boys an anti-crime group in Nigeria and private policing initiatives in South Africa. The state responses are those of the Ugandan Defence Forces towards the Lords Resistance Army, the Senegalese army towards the Casamance secessionists and the Mozambique Police response towards criminals.
Taking the Law into their Own Hands: Lawless Law Enforcers in Africa (The Making of Modern Africa)
by Bruce BakerOver much of Africa, crime and insurgency are a serious problem and one in which the distinction between the two is being eroded. Left without state protection people have sought to preserve their lives and property through vigilante groups and militias that pay scant attention to the law or human rights. Likewise, the state security forces, under pressure to cut crime and rebel activity, readily discard lawful procedures. Torture provides them with vital information, whilst extra-judicial executions save the need to go through the prolonged criminal justice system. After a general overview of the role of the rule of law in a democratic society, Bruce Baker provides five case studies that capture the current complex realities and their impact on the new democracies. The citizen responses considered are vigilantes in East African pastoral economies, The Bakassi Boys an anti-crime group in Nigeria and private policing initiatives in South Africa. The state responses are those of the Ugandan Defence Forces towards the Lords Resistance Army, the Senegalese army towards the Casamance secessionists and the Mozambique Police response towards criminals.
Trends in Policing: Interviews with Police Leaders Across the Globe, Volume Five (Interviews with Global Leaders in Policing, Courts, and Prisons)
by Bruce F. Baker Dilip K. DasTrends in Policing: Interviews with Police Leaders Across the Globe, Volume Five, is based on the premise that police officials have a wealth of experience that can make significant contributions to our understanding of the prospects and problems of policing today. Each chapter consists of an interview with a policing leader that explores their understanding of policing developments and current challenges in their countries and internationally, and examines how they evaluate or interpret these developments.
Trends in Policing: Interviews with Police Leaders Across the Globe, Volume Five (Interviews with Global Leaders in Policing, Courts, and Prisons)
by Bruce F. Baker Dilip K. DasTrends in Policing: Interviews with Police Leaders Across the Globe, Volume Five, is based on the premise that police officials have a wealth of experience that can make significant contributions to our understanding of the prospects and problems of policing today. Each chapter consists of an interview with a policing leader that explores their understanding of policing developments and current challenges in their countries and internationally, and examines how they evaluate or interpret these developments.
Trends in Policing: Interviews with Police Leaders Across the Globe, Volume Four
by Bruce F. Baker Dilip K. DasTrends in Policing: Interviews with Police Leaders Across the Globe, Volume Four, is the latest installment in a series of insightful interviews with senior police executives worldwide. The book offers readers an unparalleled insider‘s perspective on police goals, practices, and management in nationwide, regional, and city environments. Conducted b
Human Liberty and Freedom of Speech
by C. Edwin BakerAlthough an inchoate liberty theory of freedom of speech has deep roots in Supreme Court decisions and political history, it has been overshadowed in judicial decisions and scholarly commentary by the marketplace of ideas theory. In this book, Baker critiques the assumptions required by the marketplace of ideas theory and develops the liberty theory, showing its philosophical soundness, persuasiveness, and ability to protect free speech. He argues that First Amendment liberty rights (as well as Fourteenth Amendment equality rights) required by political or moral theory are central to the possibility of progressive change. Problem areas are examined, including the question of whether individual political and civil rights can in principle be distinguished from property rights, freedom of the press, and the use of public spaces for expressive purposes.
Research on Professional Responsibility and Ethics in Accounting (Research on Professional Responsibility and Ethics in Accounting #24)
by C. Richard BakerThis edition of Research on Professional Responsibility and Ethics in Accounting includes articles from a distinguished group of authors. The topics covered explore many aspects of professional responsibility and ethics in accounting, including Giving Voice to Values, Whistleblowing, Earnings Management, and Materiality.
Historical Developments in the Accountancy Profession, Financial Reporting, and Accounting Theory (Studies in the Development of Accounting Thought #25)
by C. Richard Baker Martin E. PerssonThis latest volume of Studies in the Development of Accounting Thought, edited by Martin E. Persson, contains ten manuscripts, seven being previously unpublished, authored by C. Richard Baker during an academic career that spans four decades. Historical Developments in the Accountancy Profession, Financial Reporting, and Accounting Theory is divided into two thematic sections. The first covers developments in accounting thought on financial reporting and the accountancy profession, whereas the second section covers developments related to accounting measurements and theory. The historical examination of the development of accounting thought serves as a unifying theme throughout this edited volume, which attempts to pick up on various understudied threads of academic and professional initiatives over the past several hundred years. The material is of value to anyone interested in the intellectual history of the accounting discipline.
Historical Developments in the Accountancy Profession, Financial Reporting, and Accounting Theory (Studies in the Development of Accounting Thought #25)
by C. Richard Baker Martin E. PerssonThis latest volume of Studies in the Development of Accounting Thought, edited by Martin E. Persson, contains ten manuscripts, seven being previously unpublished, authored by C. Richard Baker during an academic career that spans four decades. Historical Developments in the Accountancy Profession, Financial Reporting, and Accounting Theory is divided into two thematic sections. The first covers developments in accounting thought on financial reporting and the accountancy profession, whereas the second section covers developments related to accounting measurements and theory. The historical examination of the development of accounting thought serves as a unifying theme throughout this edited volume, which attempts to pick up on various understudied threads of academic and professional initiatives over the past several hundred years. The material is of value to anyone interested in the intellectual history of the accounting discipline.
Whisper Network: A Reese Witherspoon x Hello Sunshine Book Club Pick
by Chandler BakerSloane, Ardie, Grace and Rosalita have worked in the same legal office for years. The sudden death of the firm's CEO means their boss, Ames, will likely take over the entire company. Each of the women has a different relationship with Ames, who has always been surrounded by whispers about how he treats women. Those whispers have been ignored, swept under the rug, hidden away by those in charge. <p><p> But the world has changed, and the women are watching this latest promotion for Ames differently. This time, they've decided enough is enough. Sloane and her colleagues' decision to take a stand sets in motion something catastrophic and unstoppable: lies will be uncovered, secrets will be exposed and not everyone will survive. All their lives - as women, colleagues, mothers, adversaries - will be changed for ever.
Research on Professional Responsibility and Ethics in Accounting (Research on Professional Responsibility and Ethics in Accounting #23)
by Charles Richard BakerThis edition of Research on Professional Responsibility and Ethics in Accounting includes articles from a distinguished group of authors. The topics cover many aspects of professional responsibility and ethics in accounting, including whistleblowing, professional skepticism, earnings management, cognitive style and ethics.
Research on Professional Responsibility and Ethics in Accounting (Research on Professional Responsibility and Ethics in Accounting #23)
by Charles Richard BakerThis edition of Research on Professional Responsibility and Ethics in Accounting includes articles from a distinguished group of authors. The topics cover many aspects of professional responsibility and ethics in accounting, including whistleblowing, professional skepticism, earnings management, cognitive style and ethics.
Research on Professional Responsibility and Ethics in Accounting (Research on Professional Responsibility and Ethics in Accounting #24)
by Charles Richard BakerThis edition of Research on Professional Responsibility and Ethics in Accounting includes articles from a distinguished group of authors. The topics covered explore many aspects of professional responsibility and ethics in accounting, including Giving Voice to Values, Whistleblowing, Earnings Management, and Materiality.
Disability and U.S. Politics [2 volumes]: Participation, Policy, and Controversy [2 volumes]
by Dana Lee BakerMore than 1 billion people worldwide have a disability, and they are all affected by politics. This two-volume work explores key topics at the heart of disability policy, such as voting, race, gender, age, health care, social security, transportation, abuse, and the environment.Disability policy is no longer an area that can be adequately addressed within major areas of public policy such as welfare, health, labor, and education. Disability has become widely acknowledged in recent decades, partly because of the increasing number of disabled citizens across all demographic populations. Advocates argue that diversity of all kinds deserves recognition and accommodation. This set examines policies targeting disability to provide a multifaceted description of the political participation of people with disabilities as well as disability policy development in the United States. The first volume focuses on political participation and voting issues, and the second volume covers disability public policy.In these two volumes, numerous scholars and experts in the social sciences and humanities explore timely topics that are key to disability policy questions, including activism, voting, race, gender, age, health care, social security, civil rights, abuse, the environment, and even death. Readers will better understand the challenges that policymakers face in grappling with controversies over issues of social engineering and public policy, often attempting to reconcile majority experience with minority rights. The chapters analyze the history of disability politics, describe the disability policy infrastructure as it currently exists in the United States, and provide insight into current disability-related controversies.