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Slavery and Race: Philosophical Debates in the Eighteenth Century (Oxford New Histories of Philosophy)
by Julia JoratiMillions of Africans were enslaved and transported to the Americas in the eighteenth century. Europeans--many of whom viewed themselves as enlightened--endorsed, funded, legislated, and executed the slave trade. This atrocity had a profound impact on philosophy, but historians of the discipline have so far neglected to address the topics of slavery and race. Many authors--including enslaved and formerly enslaved Black authors--used philosophical ideas to advocate for abolition, analyze racist attitudes, and critique racial bias. Other authors attempted to justify the transatlantic slave trade by advancing philosophical defenses of racial chattel slavery. Slavery and Race: Philosophical Debates in the Eighteenth Century explores these philosophical ideas and arguments, with a focus on the role race played in discussions of slavery. In doing so, author Julia Jorati reveals how closely associated Blackness and slavery were at that time and how many White people viewed Black people as naturally destined for slavery. In addition to examining well-known authors like David Hume, Immanuel Kant, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Jorati also discusses less widely studied philosophers like Quobna Ottobah Cugoano, Lemuel Haynes, and Olympe de Gouges. By revealing important aspects of debates about slavery in North America and Europe, this book and its companion volume on the sixteenth and seventeeth centuries are valuable resources for readers interested in a more complete history of early modern philosophy.
Social Work, White Supremacy, and Racial Justice: Reckoning With Our History, Interrogating our Present, Reimagining our Future
The profession of social work in the United States has a complex history of upholding White supremacy alongside a goal of achieving racial justice. Moreover, the profession simultaneously practices within racist institutions and systems and works to dismantle them. While there are many ways that the profession of social work has improved quality of life for minoritized groups, there are numerous missed opportunities where we have failed to uphold our values. In the wake of national movements to stop state-sanctioned violence and anti-Black racism and the knowledge of persistent racial disparities in key social welfare institutions (i.e., child welfare, criminal justice, health, housing, and mental health), these paradoxes remain the forefront of discussion in academia, social media, and social work practice. The aftermath of these national efforts provided an opportunity to appraise our profession's relationship to White supremacy and racial justice in order to reimagine and work to achieve an anti-racist future. In this edited volume, the authors critically examine social work's history, values, and mission, offer innovative strategies for education and practice, and make a call-to-action for social work to eliminate structural racism in education, research, practice, and social service institutions and systems. A collection of 40 chapters using diverse voices, theories, and methods challenges us to conceptualize and enact an anti-racist future through reckoning with our past histories of oppression and resistance, de-centering whiteness, and forging new practices, policies, and pedagogies that can lead to an anti-racist future.
Social Work, White Supremacy, and Racial Justice: Reckoning With Our History, Interrogating our Present, Reimagining our Future
The profession of social work in the United States has a complex history of upholding White supremacy alongside a goal of achieving racial justice. Moreover, the profession simultaneously practices within racist institutions and systems and works to dismantle them. While there are many ways that the profession of social work has improved quality of life for minoritized groups, there are numerous missed opportunities where we have failed to uphold our values. In the wake of national movements to stop state-sanctioned violence and anti-Black racism and the knowledge of persistent racial disparities in key social welfare institutions (i.e., child welfare, criminal justice, health, housing, and mental health), these paradoxes remain the forefront of discussion in academia, social media, and social work practice. The aftermath of these national efforts provided an opportunity to appraise our profession's relationship to White supremacy and racial justice in order to reimagine and work to achieve an anti-racist future. In this edited volume, the authors critically examine social work's history, values, and mission, offer innovative strategies for education and practice, and make a call-to-action for social work to eliminate structural racism in education, research, practice, and social service institutions and systems. A collection of 40 chapters using diverse voices, theories, and methods challenges us to conceptualize and enact an anti-racist future through reckoning with our past histories of oppression and resistance, de-centering whiteness, and forging new practices, policies, and pedagogies that can lead to an anti-racist future.
A Socio-Legal Theory of Money for the Digital Commercial Society: A New Analytical Framework to Understand Cryptoassets (Hart Studies in Commercial and Financial Law)
by Israel Cedillo LazcanoThis book poses the question: do we need a new body of regulations and the constitution of new regulatory agents to face the evolution of money in the Fourth Industrial Revolution?After the Global Financial Crisis and the subsequent introduction of Distributed Ledger Technologies in monetary matters, multiple opinions claim that we are in the middle of a financial revolution that will eliminate the need for central banks and other financial institutions to form bonds of trust on our behalf. In contrast to these arguments, this book argues that we are not witnessing a revolutionary expression, but an evolutionary one that we can trace back to the very origin of money.Accordingly, the book provides academics, regulators and policy makers with a multidisciplinary analysis that includes elements such as the relevance of intellectual property rights, which are disregarded in the legal analysis of money. Furthermore, the book proposes the idea that traditional analyses on the exercise of the lex monetae ignore the role of inside monies and technological infrastructures developed and supported by the private sector, as exemplified in the evolution of the cryptoassets market and in cases such as Banco de Portugal v Waterlow & Sons.The book puts forward a proposal for the design and regulation of new payment systems and invites the reader to look beyond the dissemination of individual Distributed Ledger Technologies such as Bitcoin.
Solidarity with Animals: Promises, Pitfalls, and Potential
'Solidarity' has received considerable scholarly attention and is central in many social justice movements. It is striking, then, that solidarity's relevance, meaning and practical implications in the context of animal protection have not been systematically explored. This is particularly surprising given the recent so-called 'political turn' in animal ethics. Work in the political turn accepts claims about the moral status of animals and people's personal obligations towards them, but advances the field in at least two ways. First, thinkers emphasize that mutually beneficial human-animal relations cannot rely solely on personal transformation, but also require institutional transformation. Secondly, scholars claim that to meaningfully improve the lives of animals, we must not only change our political systems, but better understand various animals' own perspectives and political agency to feed into 'more-than-human politics'. But while much work in this political turn has been done on concepts like 'justice', 'agency', 'representation', etc., only very few animal scholars have talked about 'solidarity'. And those that have, have done so only in very specific contexts and frameworks. This lack of attention is also mirrored also within animal activism, where those few campaigners who have employed the term have done so only in a very loose way. This edited collection brings together the leading thinkers in the fields of animal ethics, politics, social philosophy, world religions, and the law to explore this lacuna and thus provide the first book length treatment of solidarity between the species.
Some aspects of the extraterritorial reach of the American antitrust laws
by Hendrik. ZwarensteynGeneral While there is an abundance of literature dealing with the American antitrust laws, one can also observe that the application of this area of the law to foreign commerce is still in an evolutionary stage of development. To some extent this can be quantiflably explained by pointing out that the rapid rise of the interests of the American business community in foreign commerce is only a fairly recent 1 phenomenon. This participatory interest reveals a wide spectrum of commercial activities. While the traditional concept of foreign commerce was often limited to thinking in terms of exports and imports, present commercial activities include also such marketing methods as the establishment of foreign branches or subsidiaries, or 2 the location of manufacturing, processing, or assembly plants abroad. To this array of arrangements, most of which contemplate a widening of the market potential, we may add the current merger movement, the conglomerate charac ter of which has been termed its 'most unique characteristic,. 3 Little wonder that at least one author refers to the application of the 311titrust laws to foreign commerce as being still somewhat of a 'frontier area of the law'. 4 Because of the rapidly expanding participation of the American business community in interna tional commerce a gradual evolution of the international dimensions of the American antitrust laws seems therefore within the realm of justifIed expecta tions.
Sources of English Legal History: Public Law to 1750
by John BakerSources of English Legal History: Public Law to 1750 is the definitive source book on the foundations of English public law. A companion to Baker and Milsom's Sources of English Legal History: Private Law to 1750 2e (OUP, 2010), this new volume offers an extensive collection of illustrative original materials, many of which are previously unpublished. It contains significant new material on the history of habeas corpus, mandamus, and certiorari, as well as well-known constitutional landmarks from the earliest times to 1750. Writing on the history of public law has tended to focus solely on the texts of statutes and formal records. In contrast, the present book concentrates on the forensic arguments and judicial decisions that led to the emergence of legal principles in the field of public law, including criminal law and the regulation of jurisdictions. It illuminates the growth of public law during the medieval and early modern periods, addressing the state's legislative and judicial organs, its coercive functions, and more broadly, the respective powers of the crown and parliament. The first work of its kind, this book is an essential resource for anyone interested in legal and constitutional history.
South Carolina Driver’s Manual
by South Carolina Department of Motor VehiclesSouth Carolina Driver’s Manual
Space Law And Policy In The Post-soviet States (Essential Air And Space Law Ser. #19)
by Nataliia Malysheva
Speech and Morality: On the Metaethical Implications of Speaking
by Terence CuneoTerence Cuneo develops a novel line of argument for moral realism. The argument he defends hinges on the normative theory of speech, according to which speech acts are generated by an agent's altering her normative position with regard to her audience, gaining rights, responsibilities, and obligations of certain kinds. Some of these rights, responsibilities, and obligations, Cuneo suggests, are moral. And these moral features are best understood along realist lines, in part because they explain how it is that we can speak. If this is right, a necessary condition of being able to speak is that there are moral rights, responsibilities, and obligations of a broadly realist sort.
The Spirit of Polyphony: Dietrich Bonhoeffer's Musical Pneumatology (T&T Clark New Studies in Bonhoeffer’s Theology and Ethics)
by Rev Dr Joanna TarassenkoThis book re-examines how Bonhoeffer employs musical patterns of thought and language to a theological end. It outlines how the significance of Bonhoeffer's musico-theology has not been sufficiently recognised, and sets the stage for a rigorous re-examination. It becomes clear that through the lens of his musical metaphor of polyphony, Bonhoeffer demonstrates how his account of Christian formation contains a latent pneumatology. Tarassenko demonstrates that incorporation of this pneumatology is key in deepening one's understanding of Bonhoeffer. It allows the relationship between Christology and Christian formation in Bonhoeffer's thought to become fully realised. The appeal to polyphony articulates this pneumatology, as an indirect but nevertheless exceedingly successful means of contouring an account of the Spirit's work.
The Standard of Review before the International Court of Justice: Between Principle and Pragmatism (Studies in International Law)
by Felix FouchardThis book examines how the International Court of Justice (ICJ) reviews State behaviour through the prism of the standard of review. It develops a novel rationale to support the ICJ's application of deferential standards of review as a judicial avoidance technique, based on strategic considerations. It then goes on to empirically assess all 31 decisions of the Court in which the standard of review was at issue, showing how the Court determines that standard, and answering the question of whether it varies its review intensity strategically.As a result, the book's original contribution is two-fold: establishing a new rationale for judicial deference (that can be applied to all international courts and tribunals); and providing the first comprehensive, empirical analysis of the ICJ's standards of review. It will be beneficial to all scholars of the Court and those interested in judicial strategy.
The State of Cultural Biology: Regulating Biological Computing (Elgar Law, Technology and Society series)
by James GriffinOffering a novel and pragmatic perspective, this timely book critically examines the development of a culture of machinist regulation and questions whether this approach is appropriate in an era of rising biological technologies. Adopting an ontological approach, James Griffin considers how current regulatory frameworks favour digital technology and how this may change in the future.Griffin adeptly investigates how regulation can impact the nature of new technologies, especially as biological computing is becoming more commonplace. Chapters provide a wealth of critical analysis, considering cutting-edge technologies such as AI, prosthesis, and biological computing. Griffin outlines a proposed reformative system which focuses on the biological substrate in the creation of cultural works. The book serves to highlight the ever-increasing need for awareness of the importance of biological substrates and for a regulatory system which reflects this.The State of Cultural Biology will be an essential read for academics and students interested in intellectual property law, law and technology, legal philosophy and law’s role in society. It will also prove invaluable to policymakers and professionals looking to broaden their knowledge on the regulation of modern technology.
State Responsibility and Terrorism: New Perspectives in International Law
by Claudia CandelmoThis timely book discusses the problem of State responsibility in connection with terrorist acts committed by non-State actors. It provides a detailed assessment of the consequences of wrongful acts of the State using contemporary examples such as the Bosnian Genocide, 9/11, and the 2016 and 2020 Nice attacks.State Responsibility and Terrorism underlines the conceptual foundations of State responsibility before expertly examining the consequences for the commission of terrorist acts, complicity, and the failure to prevent and punish these crimes. Also, the book explores how conditions for the lawful use of force change according to State involvement, simultaneously dissecting the feasibility of complicity between States and non-State actors for terrorist conduct. Incorporating relevant contemporary case law and literature, examples include the 1979 Tehran Hostages case and the 2005 London bombings. In this framework, chapters discuss the Articles on State Responsibility for Internationally Wrongful Acts and assess the erga omnes character of the prohibition of terrorism in international law.Innovative and insightful, this book is a crucial resource for students and academics in public international law, as well as terrorism and security law. It is also beneficial to practitioners in international dispute settlement for reference to recent debates on international terrorism and State responsibility.
States of Exception: Human Rights, Biopolitics, Utopia
by Costas DouzinasConsidering the major crises Europe has faced over the last three decades, this unique book offers a multidisciplinary examination of the ways in which law, human rights and politics have evolved and were affected by recent emergencies.Costas Douzinas assesses and critiques the ways in which governments responded to three emergencies: the 2008 economic crisis, the large flows of refugees and migrants since the 2010s, and the COVID-19 pandemic. Utilising Foucault’s theory of biopolitics and Douzinas’ experience as a critical scholar and politician, this insightful book reviews the law and politics of emergency and proposes a theory and future pathways of resistance. Ultimately, States of Exception asks to what extent critical legal theory can inform radical politics and argues that human rights are not the ‘last utopia’ but a combination of the unfulfilled promise of dignity with the desire to transcend inequality and exploitation.This multidimensional exploration of the intersection between critical legal theory, human rights philosophy and radical politics offers a unique insight to students, academics and researchers specialising in legal theory, human rights law, jurisprudence and politics. It will also prove beneficial for professionals and practitioners working in the legal and political sectors.
States of Health: The Ethics and Consequences of Policy Variation in a Federal System
by Leslie P. Francis John G. FrancisIs it morally or politically acceptable to have wide differences in the quality of health care when one crosses a state line? Federalism in the United States has been defended as a political structure that enables people to coexist in a single polity despite deep disagreements about some of the most fundamental aspects of human life. This federalism of the compound republic of the United States can create space for difference and latitude for innovation, and its flexibility in levels of policy enactment can allow for fruitful state-level experimentation, especially in the areas of health and health care, which has long been celebrated. However, when federalism results in significant differences in health care availability within a single country-with abortion being the tip of the iceberg of these differences, albeit a very pointed one-it can generate enormous ethical challenges for health care providers and their patients. These challenges often engender questions of what should be considered an enduring right: Which freedoms should transcend borders? States of Health identifies the practical relevance of federalism to people facing ethical decisions about health and health care, and it considers the theoretical justifications for permissible differences among states. It asks whether authority over important aspects of health is misaligned in the United States today, with some matters problematically left to the states while others are taken over by the federal government. Health care is a basic good, central to the ability of people to flourish. If state policies result in a landscape where residents of some states can flourish in ways that residents of other states cannot, the mutuality of a federal union might be threatened. States of Health reminds us that there are some divisions that a nation cannot endure.
Steuerbilanzpolitik: Gegenwärtig bestehende Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Beeinflussung des steuerlichen Jahreserfolgs in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (Besteuerung der Unternehmung #3)
by Karl Dieckmann
The Strange Schemes of Randolph Mason
by Melville Davisson PostThrilling stories starring America’s smartest—and most unscrupulous—lawyer During the gold rush, Richard Warren and Samuel Walcott set out from New York to strike it rich. When fortune does not find them, Samuel saves himself from the gutter by marrying a saloonkeeper’s daughter. Jealous of his friend’s beautiful wife, Richard kills Samuel and flees the desert with the woman and a trove of stolen gold dust. He assumes his dead friend’s identity and makes a name for himself in New York—until the woman he killed for turns out to be a blackmailer. Desperate, Richard turns to the mysterious lawyer Randolph Mason. A crooked genius, Mason doesn’t mind having a killer for a client, and will do whatever he can to help Richard escape justice. In this brilliantly original story collection, Mason follows the letter of the law while gleefully betraying its spirit. This ebook has been professionally proofread to ensure accuracy and readability on all devices.
The Strategy of Tension in Italy: Neofascist Terrorism and Coup Plots, 1969-1980
by Juan AvilésThe third wave of terrorism in Europe has been the subject of numerous studies after David Rapoport's theoretical classification, especially as it relates to New Left/Marxist/Socialist activity. But one of its components has not hitherto been subject to scholarly investigation: the Italian neo-fascist terrorism that committed indiscriminate massacres as part of an alleged strategy of stoking political tension. There is evidence that members of the intelligence services and security forces contributed to cover-ups and indeed the neo-fascist murders that took place may have been aimed at creating an atmosphere favourable to a coup d'etat. While conspiracy theories abound there is little in-depth academic research on the circumstances despite the many sources available to researchers: court rulings, evidence gathered by various parliamentary commissions of enquiry and recently declassified official documents. Juan Avilés' comprehensive study of the neo-fascist killings, the coup plots, the cover-ups and the alleged but unproven involvement of US agents, the Stay Behind paramilitary structure and the P2 Masonic Lodge, draws a firm line of demarcation between the real conspiracies that took place in Italy and unfounded conspiracy theories. He offers an unparalleled interpretation of the alleged strategy of creating political tension based on all the available evidence. At the heart of the investigation is the threat to democracy and the way in which Italy was able to avoid the authoritarian drift to which many countries, from Greece to Chile, succumbed in those years. The lessons learned have far-reaching implications for all nations that subscribe to democratic values.
Street Law: Theory and Practice
by Frances Ridout Linden ThomasThe first book of its kind published in the UK, Street Law: Theory and Practice is the ideal companion for all students engaging in credit-bearing or non-credit bearing Street Law projects. Highly-accessible and student-focussed, it teaches readers not only how to successfully design, deliver, and reflect on Street Law sessions, but also the theory behind this practice. It covers a full and diverse range of topics, beginning with initial project design and ending at post-project reflection and evaluation, with a host of topics including interactive teaching techniques, ethics and problem-solving in between. Designed to be read chronologically or as standalone chapters, it is the perfect textbook for students at each stage of their Street Law journey.Including quotes from active Street Law practitioners and coverage of contemporary Street Law topics, such as the housing crisis, the text is a fully up-to-date resource for today's law students. Its original workbook format, including an abundance of reflective questions, activities and prompts, with space included for students to write their responses, ensures every reader develops not only a comprehensive insight of this important form of public legal education, but also their own learning and practice.
Structural Violence: The Makings of Settler Colonial Impunity
by Elena Ru?zEnduring social inequalities in settler colonial societies are not an accident. They are produced and maintained by the self-repairing structural features and dynastic character of systemic racism and its intersecting oppressions. Using methods from diverse anticolonial liberation movements and systems theory, Structural Violence theorizes the existence of adaptive and self-replicating historical formations that underwrite cultures of violence in settler colonial societies. Corresponding epistemic forces tied to profit and wealth accumulation for beneficiary groups often go untracked. The account offered here argues that these epistemic forces play a central role in producing and maintaining massive health inequalities and the maldistribution of disease burdens?including those associated with sexual violence?for marginalized populations. It upends the widespread view that structural racism can be dismantled without addressing gendered violence. It also advocates for a theory of change rooted in reparative action and models of structural competency that respond to the built-in design of structural violence and the ecosystems of impunity that allow it to thrive.
Studies in the History of Tax Law, Volume 11 (Studies in the History of Tax Law)
This book is a continuation of the prestigious series which is drawn from the papers of the biennial Cambridge Tax Law History Conference. The authors are a mix of academics and senior tax professionals from the judiciary and practice with representatives from 9 countries. The series continues to investigate current tax policy debates in an historical context. The papers fall within 3 basic categories: 1. UK and Irish tax, looking at a variety of topics such as tax administration, cases and judges (Whitney, Singer, Viscount Radcliffe), the taxation of royal forests, the taxation of spirits, and income tax transition in the Irish Free State;2. International taxation, with chapters on the role of international organisations (OECD, League of Nations) and on South Africa's early attempts to address double taxation (tax treaties); and3. Non-UK tax systems, including chapters on the legacy of colonial influence (Dutch East Indies), early developments in China, New Zealand, and the USA, an influential Canadian report (Carter Commission), development of the GAAR in Scandanavia, and the receipt of Roman tax law in Europe.