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Robot Control and Calibration: Innovative Control Schemes and Calibration Algorithms (SpringerBriefs in Computer Science)
by Xin Luo Zhibin Li Long Jin Shuai LiThis book mainly shows readers how to calibrate and control robots. In this regard, it proposes three control schemes: an error-summation enhanced Newton algorithm for model predictive control; RNN for solving perturbed time-varying underdetermined linear systems; and a new joint-drift-free scheme aided with projected ZNN, which can effectively improve robot control accuracy. Moreover, the book develops four advanced algorithms for robot calibration – Levenberg-Marquarelt with diversified regularizations; improved covariance matrix adaptive evolution strategy; quadratic interpolated beetle antennae search algorithm; and a novel variable step-size Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm – which can effectively enhance robot positioning accuracy. In addition, it is exceedingly difficult for experts in other fields to conduct robot arm calibration studies without calibration data. Thus, this book provides a publicly available dataset to assist researchers from other fields in conducting calibration experiments and validating their ideas. The book also discusses six regularization schemes based on its robot error models, i.e., L1, L2, dropout, elastic, log, and swish. Robots’ positioning accuracy is significantly improved after calibration. Using the control and calibration methods developed here, readers will be ready to conduct their own research and experiments.
Recent Trends in Communication and Intelligent Systems: Proceedings of ICRTCIS 2023 (Algorithms for Intelligent Systems)
by Aditya Kumar Singh Pundir Anupam Yadav Swagatam DasThe book presents best selected research papers presented at the Fourth International Conference on Recent Trends in Communication and Intelligent Systems (ICRTCIS 2023), organized by Arya College of Engineering and IT, Jaipur, on April 28–29, 2023. It discusses the latest technologies in communication and intelligent systems, covering various areas of communication engineering, such as signal processing, VLSI design, embedded systems, wireless communications, and electronics and communications in general. Featuring work by leading researchers and technocrats, the book serves as a valuable reference resource for young researchers and academics as well as practitioners in industry.
Digital Twin Technologies in Transportation Infrastructure Management
by Wenjuan Wang Qasim Zaheer Shi Qiu Weidong Wang Chengbo Ai Jin Wang Sicheng Wang Wenbo HuThis book reveals the power of digital twin technologies in terms of optimizing the performance and maintenance of infrastructure assets. From roads, bridges, and tunnels to airports and smart cities, it will guide you through the latest advances in and use cases on this cutting-edge technology. You will come to understand the challenges involved in the development of digital twins and learn about the initiatives and projects underway to overcome them. Explore the potential of this technology in terms of reducing costs, improving system performance, and enhancing the overall infrastructure experience for users. Get ready to embark on a journey of understanding the future of transportation infrastructure management with digital twin technologies.
Intelligent Interpretation for Geological Disasters: From Space-Air-Ground Integration Perspective
by Weitao Chen Cheng Zhong Xuwen Qin Lizhe WangThis book comprehensively utilizes the new generation of artificial intelligence and remote sensing science and technology to systematically carry out researches on high-precision recognition, monitoring, analysis, and assessment of geological disasters by using different technologies of "ground, airspace, and space-based systems" and different scales of "target-semantic-region". The main contents include: 1) Intelligent interpretation theory and methods of geological disasters, 2) Intelligent analysis of landslide based on long-term ground monitoring data, 3) Intelligent analysis of landslide evolution based on optical satellite remote sensing data, 4) Deep learning-based remote sensing detection of landslide, 5) Intelligent assessment methods of landslide susceptibility, 6) Intelligent recognition of ground figure based on airspace-based remote sensing data. The book is of interest to graduate student, scientific, and technological personnel who work in the area of geological disasters, natural hazards, remote sensing, and artificial intelligence.
Intelligent Information and Database Systems: 15th Asian Conference, ACIIDS 2023, Phuket, Thailand, July 24–26, 2023, Proceedings, Part I (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #13995)
by Ngoc Thanh Nguyen Siridech Boonsang Hamido Fujita Bogumiła Hnatkowska Tzung-Pei Hong Kitsuchart Pasupa Ali SelamatThis two-volume set LNAI 13995 and LNAI 13996 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th Asian Conference on Intelligent Information and Database Systems, ACIIDS 2023, held in Phuket, Thailand, during July 24–26, 2023.The 65 full papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 224 submissions. The papers of the 2 volume-set are organized in the following topical sections: Case-Based Reasoning and Machine Comprehension; Computer Vision; Data Mining and Machine Learning; Knowledge Integration and Analysis; Speech and Text Processing; and Resource Management and Optimization.
Intelligent Information and Database Systems: 15th Asian Conference, ACIIDS 2023, Phuket, Thailand, July 24–26, 2023, Proceedings, Part II (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #13996)
by Ngoc Thanh Nguyen Siridech Boonsang Hamido Fujita Bogumiła Hnatkowska Tzung-Pei Hong Kitsuchart Pasupa Ali SelamatThis two-volume set LNAI 13995 and LNAI 13996 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th Asian Conference on Intelligent Information and Database Systems, ACIIDS 2023, held in Phuket, Thailand, during July 24–26, 2023. The 65 full papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 224 submissions. The papers of the 2 volume-set are organized in the following topical sections: Case-Based Reasoning and Machine Comprehension; Computer Vision; Data Mining and Machine Learning; Knowledge Integration and Analysis; Speech and Text Processing; and Resource Management and Optimization.
International Conference on Neural Computing for Advanced Applications: 4th International Conference, NCAA 2023, Hefei, China, July 7–9, 2023, Proceedings, Part I (Communications in Computer and Information Science #1869)
by Haijun Zhang Yinggen Ke Zhou Wu Tianyong Hao Zhao Zhang Weizhi Meng Yuanyuan MuThe two-volume set CCIS 1869 and 1870 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Neural Computing for Advanced Applications, NCAA 2023, held in Hefei, China, in July 2023.The 83 full papers and 1 short paper presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 211 submissions. The papers have been organized in the following topical sections: Neural network (NN) theory, NN-based control systems, neuro-system integration and engineering applications; Machine learning and deep learning for data mining and data-driven applications; Computational intelligence, nature-inspired optimizers, and their engineering applications; Deep learning-driven pattern recognition, computer vision and its industrial applications; Natural language processing, knowledge graphs, recommender systems, and their applications; Neural computing-based fault diagnosis and forecasting, prognostic management, and cyber-physical system security; Sequence learning for spreading dynamics, forecasting, and intelligent techniques against epidemic spreading (2); Applications of Data Mining, Machine Learning and Neural Computing in Language Studies; Computational intelligent Fault Diagnosis and Fault-Tolerant Control, and Their Engineering Applications; and Other Neural computing-related topics.
International Conference on Neural Computing for Advanced Applications: 4th International Conference, NCAA 2023, Hefei, China, July 7–9, 2023, Proceedings, Part II (Communications in Computer and Information Science #1870)
by Haijun Zhang Yinggen Ke Zhou Wu Tianyong Hao Zhao Zhang Weizhi Meng Yuanyuan MuThe two-volume set CCIS 1869 and 1870 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Neural Computing for Advanced Applications, NCAA 2023, held in Hefei, China, in July 2023.The 83 full papers and 1 short paper presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 211 submissions. The papers have been organized in the following topical sections: Neural network (NN) theory, NN-based control systems, neuro-system integration and engineering applications; Machine learning and deep learning for data mining and data-driven applications; Computational intelligence, nature-inspired optimizers, and their engineering applications; Deep learning-driven pattern recognition, computer vision and its industrial applications; Natural language processing, knowledge graphs, recommender systems, and their applications; Neural computing-based fault diagnosis and forecasting, prognostic management, and cyber-physical system security; Sequence learning for spreading dynamics, forecasting, and intelligent techniques against epidemic spreading (2); Applications of Data Mining, Machine Learning and Neural Computing in Language Studies; Computational intelligent Fault Diagnosis and Fault-Tolerant Control, and Their Engineering Applications; and Other Neural computing-related topics.
Proceedings of World Conference on Artificial Intelligence: WCAIAA 2023 (Algorithms for Intelligent Systems)
by Ashish Kumar Tripathi Darpan Anand Atulya K. NagarThis book is a collection of outstanding research papers presented at the World Conference on Artificial Intelligence: Advances and Applications (WCAIAA 2023), organized by Sir Padampat Singhania University, India and is technically sponsored by Soft Computing Research Society during March 18–19, 2023. The topics covered are agent-based systems, evolutionary algorithms, approximate reasoning, bioinformatics and computational biology, artificial intelligence in modeling and simulation, natural language processing, brain-machine interfaces, collective intelligence, computer vision and speech understanding, data mining, swarm intelligence, machine learning, human-computer interaction, intelligent sensor, devices and applications, and intelligent database systems.
WiFi signal-based user authentication (SpringerBriefs in Computer Science)
by Jiadi Yu Hao Kong Linghe KongAs a privacy-preserving and illumination-robust manner, WiFi signal-based user authentication has become a new direction for ubiquitous user authentication to protect user privacy and security. It gradually turns into an important option for addressing the security concern of IoT environment. However, due to the limited sensing capability of WiFi signals and wide application scenarios, WiFi signal-based user authentication suffers from practical issues of diversified behaviors and complex scenarios. Therefore, it is necessary to address the issues and build integrated systems for user authentication using WiFi signals. In this book, the development and progress of WiFi signal-based user authentication systems in extensive scenarios are presented, which provides a new direction and solution for ubiquitous security and privacy protection. This book gives strong motivation of leveraging WiFi signals to sense human activities for user authentication, and presents the key issues of WiFi-based user authentication in diversified behaviors and complex scenarios. This book provides the approaches for digging WiFi signals to sense human activities and extract features, realizing user authentication under fine-grained finger gestures, undefined body gestures, and multi-user scenarios. State-of-the-art researches and future directions involved with WiFi signal-based user authentication are presented and discussed as well. This book will benefit researchers and practitioners in the related field.
Dynamic and Precise Engineering Surveying
by Qingquan LiDriven by the increasingly expanding needs of infrastructure construction, operation and maintenance, as well as the rapid developments of intelligent sensing and information technology, precise engineering surveying has been transformed from static, discrete, and manual into dynamic, continuous, and intelligent ways. This transformation leads to an advanced multidisciplinary field, dynamic and precise engineering surveying, on which the author has worked for over two decades. This book systematically summarizes the fundamentals, methods, and applications in dynamic and precise engineering surveying. The contents mainly include two parts: the first part introduces principles and methods of dynamic and precise engineering surveying; the second part presents representative applications in which innovative methods and advanced equipment are applied in the construction, operation and maintenance of mega and complex infrastructures.Readers engaged in surveying and mapping, civil engineering, water conservancy engineering, railway engineering, electronic information, and computer science, including undergraduates, graduates, researchers and engineers, will find it an informative reference.
Smart Learning for A Sustainable Society: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Smart Learning Environments (Lecture Notes in Educational Technology)
by Chutiporn Anutariya Dejian Liu Kinshuk Ahmed Tlili Junfeng Yang Maiga ChangThis book collects the proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Smart Learning Environments (ICSLE2023), held in Bangkok, Thailand, as a hybrid conference from 31st Aug to 1st Sep 2023. The proceedings focus on the interplay between pedagogy and technology, and their fusion towards the advancement of smart learning for a sustainable society. This book covers topics such as: artificial intelligence (AI) and smart technologies in education, innovative applications of smart learning, pedagogy, learning approaches and instructional design, online and digital learning spaces, and lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. It serves as a useful reference for stakeholders in the field of education who are interested in emerging technologies and their applications in smart learning, such as researchers, postgraduate students, undergraduate students, as well as policy makers.
Data Science: 9th International Conference of Pioneering Computer Scientists, Engineers and Educators, ICPCSEE 2023, Harbin, China, September 22–24, 2023, Proceedings, Part I (Communications in Computer and Information Science #1879)
by Zhiwen Yu Qilong Han Hongzhi Wang Bin Guo Xiaokang Zhou Xianhua Song Zeguang LuThis two-volume set (CCIS 1879 and 1880) constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference of Pioneering Computer Scientists, Engineers and Educators, ICPCSEE 2023 held in Harbin, China, during September 22–24, 2023. The 52 full papers and 14 short papers presented in these two volumes were carefully reviewed and selected from 244 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections:Part I: Applications of Data Science, Big Data Management and Applications, Big Data Mining and Knowledge Management, Data Visualization, Data-driven Security, Infrastructure for Data Science, Machine Learning for Data Science and Multimedia Data Management and Analysis.Part II: Data-driven Healthcare, Data-driven Smart City/Planet, Social Media and Recommendation Systems and Education using big data, intelligent computing or data mining, etc.
Data Science: 9th International Conference of Pioneering Computer Scientists, Engineers and Educators, ICPCSEE 2023, Harbin, China, September 22–24, 2023, Proceedings, Part II (Communications in Computer and Information Science #1880)
by Zhiwen Yu Qilong Han Hongzhi Wang Bin Guo Xiaokang Zhou Xianhua Song Zeguang LuThis two-volume set (CCIS 1879 and 1880) constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th International Conference of Pioneering Computer Scientists, Engineers and Educators, ICPCSEE 2023 held in Harbin, China, during September 22–24, 2023.The 52 full papers and 14 short papers presented in these two volumes were carefully reviewed and selected from 244 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections:Part I: Applications of Data Science, Big Data Management and Applications, Big Data Mining and Knowledge Management, Data Visualization, Data-driven Security, Infrastructure for Data Science, Machine Learning for Data Science and Multimedia Data Management and Analysis.Part II: Data-driven Healthcare, Data-driven Smart City/Planet, Social Media and Recommendation Systems and Education using big data, intelligent computing or data mining, etc.
Advances and Applications of Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning: Proceedings of ICAAAIML 2022 (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #1078)
by Bhuvan Unhelkar Hari Mohan Pandey Arun Prakash Agrawal Ankur ChoudharyThis volume comprises the select peer-reviewed proceedings of the International Conference on Advances and Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning 2022 (ICAAAIML 2022). It aims to provide a comprehensive and broad-spectrum picture of state-of-the-art research and development in the areas of artificial intelligence, machine learning, deep learning, and their advanced applications in computer vision and blockchain. It also covers research in core concepts of computers, intelligent system design and deployment, real-time systems, WSN, sensors and sensor nodes, software engineering, image processing, and cloud computing. This volume will provide a valuable resource for those in academia and industry.
Decision Intelligence Solutions: Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology, InCITe 2023, Volume 2 (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #1080)
by Nitasha Hasteer Seán McLoone Manju Khari Purushottam SharmaThis book comprises the select peer-reviewed proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Information Technology (InCITe-2023). It aims to provide a comprehensive and broad-spectrum picture of state-of-the-art research and development in decision intelligence, deep learning, machine learning, artificial intelligence, data science, and enabling technologies for IoT, blockchain, and other futuristic computational technologies. It covers various topics that span cutting-edge, collaborative technologies and areas of computation. The content would serve as a rich knowledge repository on information & communication technologies, neural networks, fuzzy systems, natural language processing, data mining & warehousing, big data analytics, cloud computing, security, social networks and intelligence, decision-making and modeling, information systems, and IT architectures. This book provides a valuable resource for those in academia and industry.
Decision Intelligence: Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology, InCITe 2023, Volume 1 (Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering #1079)
by B. K. Murthy B. V. R. Reddy Nitasha Hasteer Jean-Paul Van BelleThis book comprises the select peer-reviewed proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Information Technology (InCITe-2023). It aims to provide a comprehensive and broad-spectrum picture of state-of-the-art research and development in decision intelligence, deep learning, machine learning, artificial intelligence, data science, and enabling technologies for IoT, blockchain, and other futuristic computational technologies. It covers various topics that span cutting-edge, collaborative technologies and areas of computation. The content would serve as a rich knowledge repository on information & communication technologies, neural networks, fuzzy systems, natural language processing, data mining & warehousing, big data analytics, cloud computing, security, social networks, and intelligence, decision-making, and modeling, information systems, and IT architectures. This book provides a valuable resource for those in academia and industry.
Towards the Integration of IoT, Cloud and Big Data: Services, Applications and Standards (Studies in Big Data #137)
by Vinay Rishiwal Pramod Kumar Anuradha Tomar Priyan Malarvizhi KumarThis book discusses integration of internet of things (IoT), cloud computing, and big data. It presents a unique platform where IoT, cloud computing, and big data are fused together and can be foreseen as a perfect solution to many applications. Usually, IoT, cloud computing, and big data are researched separately on the basis of their properties, underlying technologies, and other open issues. Integration of IoT, cloud computing and big data is not that easy and can face key open issues like standardization of interfaces, power and energy efficiency in both data processing and transmission, security and privacy, storage mechanisms for future applications, scalability and flexibility, and QoS provisioning for end user applications. Integration of IoT, cloud computing, and big data represents the next big rise for future industry and business applications. This integration opens new exhilarating directions for research and it is discussed in this book.
Advances in Intelligent Manufacturing and Service System Informatics: Proceedings of IMSS 2023 (Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering)
by Zekâi Şen Özer Uygun Caner ErdenThis book comprises the proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Intelligent Manufacturing and Service Systems 2023. The contents of this volume focus on recent technological advances in the field of artificial intelligence in manufacturing & service systems including machine learning, autonomous control, bioinformatics, human-artificial intelligence interaction, digital twin, robotic systems, sybersecurity, etc. This volume will prove a valuable resource for those in academia and industry.
The Vogue of Managing People in Workplace (Innovations in Sustainable Technologies and Computing)
by Soumi Majumder Nilanjan DeyThis book provides a detailed vogue picture of workforce management. Nowadays, the methodology of people management has been more advanced and dynamic; it becomes highly competitive. Keeping in mind the significance of economic and social development of the country, the author has tried to draw attention on innovative and creative practices of workforce retention in business. The book provides an idea on the way of merchandising with people, cultural dynamics with impacted leadership, investment in people for organizational transformation and the future of people management with artificial intelligence.
Smart Education Best Practices in Chinese Schools (Lecture Notes in Educational Technology)
by Haijun Zeng Jiahao Liu Di Wu Lijie YueThis book presents 28 practical case studies in detail and 49 case studies in brief. The collection of these case studies focuses on one or more aspects of exploration and practice on the following topics: smart campus and smart classroom, resource construction and sharing, new teaching mode, comprehensive quality evaluation of students, teacher professional development, application of teaching platform and tool, innovative application of online learning space, collaborative education, and school management and services. The selection and evaluation criteria of the case studies on school practice mainly include concept and implementation, effectiveness and characteristics, innovation and demonstration, and expression and structure. This book helps readers gain a rich understanding of the diverse innovative implementation of smart education in Chinese schools and inspires smart education development in schools in other countries.
Report on China Smart Education 2022: Digital Transformation of Chinese Education Towards Smart Education (SpringerBriefs in Education)
by China National Academy of Edu., SciencesThis book aims to reflect the digital transformation of Chinese education toward smart education comprehensively and accurately. It is the first systematic summary of the progress of smart education in China. The book believes that smart education is a new education form in the digital era and is essentially distinct from education forms in the industrial era. This new education form is innovative in five dimensions. First is the new core concept. Smart education is not only a concrete action concerning people’s well-being, but also a vital strategy concerning national plans. Through technology empowerment and data drive, it empowers educational reform in all aspects, systematically constructs a new relationship between education and society, provides suitable education for each learner, and makes the aptitude-based teaching that we have been dreaming of for thousands of years a reality. For the first time in history, smart education helps to reach the full alignment between individual development and societal development. Second is the new system structure. Smart education will break through the boundaries of school education, drive the diversified combination of various education types, resources, and elements, promote the collaboration of school, family, and society in education, and build a high-quality, individualized lifelong learning system that is available for anyone anywhere anytime. Third is the new teaching paradigm. Smart education will integrate physical, social, and digital spaces to create new learning scenarios and promote human–technology integration, and cultivate cross-grade, cross-class, and cross-discipline learning communities across time and space to organically combine large-scale education with individualized cultivation. Fourth is the new educational content. Smart education will focus on developing all-round education, establishing digital knowledge graphs based on systematic logics of knowledge points, and innovating content presentation methods to make learning a wonderful experience and help learners develop higher-order thinking skills, comprehensive innovation capability, and lifelong learning ability. Fifth is the new education governance. With data governance at the core and digital intelligence technology as the driver, smart education will boost the holistic reengineering of education administration and business processes and enhance the modernization of the education governance system and governance capacity. This book is intended for teachers, education administrators, education policymakers, education researchers, and parents concerned about education innovation and development, as well as people from all walks of life who have aspirations for the education industry. It can also serve as a reference for international organizations and education research institutions of all countries to promote the joint exploration of the development path of smart education and create a better future for the world’s mutual development through educational reform.
Transactions on Intelligent Welding Manufacturing: Volume V No. 2 2021 (Transactions on Intelligent Welding Manufacturing)
by Shanben Chen Yuming Zhang Zhili FengThe primary aim of this volume is to provide researchers and engineers from both academic and industry with up-to-date coverage of new results in the field of robotic welding, intelligent systems and automation. The book is mainly based on papers selected from the 2022 International Conference on Robotic Welding, Intelligence and Automation (RWIA’2022) in Shanghai and Lanzhou, China. The articles show that the intelligentized welding manufacturing (IWM) is becoming an inevitable trend with the intelligentized robotic welding as the key technology. The volume is divided into four logical parts: Intelligent Techniques for Robotic Welding, Sensing of Arc Welding Processing, Modeling and Intelligent Control of Welding Processing, as well as Intelligent Control and its Applications in Engineering.
Chinese Computational Linguistics: 22nd China National Conference, CCL 2023, Harbin, China, August 3–5, 2023, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Computer Science #14232)
by Maosong Sun Bing Qin Xipeng Qiu Jiang Jing Xianpei Han Gaoqi Rao Yubo ChenThis book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 22nd China National Conference on Chinese Computational Linguistics, CCL 2023, Harbin, China, August 3–5, 2023. The 82 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 278 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Fundamental Theory and Methods of Computational Linguistics, Information Retrieval, Dialogue and Question Answering, Text Generation, Dialogue and Summarization, Knowledge Graph and Information Extraction, Machine Translation and Multilingual Information Processing, Language Resource and Evaluation, Pre-trained Language Models, Social Computing and Sentiment Analysis, NLP Applications.
Indo-Pacific Smart Megacity System: Emerging Architecture and Megacity Studies (Advances in 21st Century Human Settlements)
by T. M. Vinod KumarThis book is an in-depth study of the Indo-Pacific region for effective interventions in the megacities system. First, based on several criteria, the region is identified as homogeneous country groupings of diversity, a multi-polar spatial system, and as program regions of QUAD and I2U2 for action programs and investment transcending many nations but mostly the ocean space of the Indo-Pacific, connecting all megacities sub-regions spatially and functionally. Then, the megacities with problems and prospects for economic integration are studied from the point of view of regional economics and international trade, and finally, the rural–urban interface with case studies of selected countries is presented. Prospects of systems of megacities and individual megacities for regional economies are designed. Existing interconnections through rail, air, and ocean of megacity systems, their capacity, performance, and potential are analyzed for emerging issues. International trade among the megacity systems/countries with emerging issues and barriers are presented. The mobility of money, goods, and services among the systems of megacities is analyzed. Rule-based diplomacy and other emerging options are discussed to sustain the above calls for a study of the Security of the Indo-Pacific region. Finally, the emerging architecture for megacity system governance is also presented.Out of 21 megacities in the Indo-Pacific, an in-depth study of a few in India and Japan in the Indo-Pacific region for effective economic interventions in the megacities system at the city level was studied. COVID-19 has affected most of the countries in the Indo-Pacific. With a contraction of GDP and a GDP growth rate negative, the number below the poverty level increased. Foreign Direct Investment is not forthcoming in any of these countries. Job creation becomes a priority in addition to public health concerns connected with COVID-19.