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كليلة و دمنة
by مجهولقال علي بن الشاه الفارسي: كان السبب الذي من أجله وضع بيدبا الفيلسوف لدبشليم ملك الهند كتاب "كليلة ودمنة" أن الإسكندر ذا القرنين الرومي لمَّا فرغ من أمر الملوك الذين كانوا بناحية المغرب سار يريد ملوك المشرق من الفرس وغيرهم. فلم يزل يحارب مَنْ نازعه ويواقع مَنْ واقعه ويسالم مَنْ وادعه من ملوك الفرس وهم الطبقة الأولى حتى ظهر عليهم وقهر مَنْ ناواه، وتغلَّب على مَنْ حاربه فتفرَّقوا طرائق وتمزَّقوا حزائق؛ فتوجه بالجنود نحو بلاد الصين فبدأ في طريقه بملك الهند ليدعوه إلى طاعته والدخول في ملته وولايته. وكان على الهند في ذلك الزَّمان ملك ذو سطوة وبأس وقوة ومراس يقال له فور؛ فلمَّا بلغه إقبال ذي القرنين نحوه تأهب لمحاربته واستعدَّ لمجاذبته وضمَّ إليه أطرافه وجدَّ في التألب عليه وجمع له العدَّة في أسرع مدَّة، من الفيلة المعدَّة للحروب والسباع المضراة بالوثوب، مع الخيول المسرجة، والسيوف القواطع، والحراب اللوامع. فلمَّا قرب ذو القرنين من فور الهندي وبلغه ما قد أعدَّ له من الخيل التي كأنها قطع الليل، مما لم يلقه بمثله أحد من الملوك الذين كانوا في الأقاليم، تخوَّف ذو القرنين من تقصير يقع به إن عجَّل المبارزة. وكان ذو القرنين رجلاً ذا حيل ومكايد مع حسن تدبير وتجربة؛ فرأى إعمال الحيلة والتمهُّل، واحتفر خندقًا على عسكره وأقام بمكانه لاستنباط الحيلة والتدبير لأمره وكيف ينبغي له أن يقدم على الإيقاع به، فاستدعى المنجمين وأمرهم بالاختيار ليوم موافق تكون له فيه سعادة لمحاربة ملك الهند والنصرة عليه؛ فاشتغلوا بذلك. وكان ذو القرنين لا يمرُّ بمدينة إلاَّ أخذ الصُنَّاع المشهورين من صُنَّاعها بالحذق من كل صنف؛ فنتجت له همته ودلته فطنته أن يتقدَّم إلى الصناع الذين معه أن يصنعوا خيلاً من نحاس مجوفة عليها تماثيل من الرجال على بكر تجري، إذا دفعت مرَّت سراعًا، وأمر إذا فرغوا منها أن تُحْشَى أجوافها بالنفط والكبريت وتلبس وتقدَّم أمام الصف في القلب، ووقف ما يلتقي الجمعان تضرب فيها النيران، فإن الفيلة إذا لفت خراطيمها على الفرسان وهي حامية ولَّت هاربة، وأوعز إلى الصناع بالتشمير والانكماش والفراغ منها؛ فجدُّوا في ذلك وعجَّلوا وقرب أيضًا وقت اختيار المنجمين؛ فأعاد ذو القرنين رسله إلى فور بما يدعوه إليه من طاعته والإذعان لدولته؛ فأجاب جواب مُصرٍّعلى مخالفته مقيم على محاربته. فلمَّا رأى ذو القرنين عزيمته سار إليه بأهبته وقدَّم فور الفيلة أمامه، ودفعت الرجال تلك الخيل وتماثيل الفرسان، فأقبلت الفيلة نحوها ولفت خراطيمها عليها، فلمَّا أحسَّت بالحرارة ألقت مَنْ كان عليها وداستهم تحت أرجلها ومضت مهزومة هاربة لا تلوي على شيء ولا تمرُّ بأحد إلاَّ وطئته. وتقطع فور وجمعه وتبعهم أصحاب الإسكندر وأثخنوا فيهم الجراح، وصاح الإسكندر: يا ملك الهند ابرز إلينا وأبق على عدتك وعيالك ولا تحملهم على الفناء. فإنه ليس من المروءة أن يرمي الملك بعدته في المهالك المتلفة والمواضع المجحفة، بل يقيهم بماله ويدفع عنهم بنفسه. فابرز إلي ودع الجند فأينا قهر صاحبه فهو الأسعد. فلمَّا سمع فور من ذي القرنين ذلك الكلام دعته نفسه إلى ملاقاته؛ طمعًا فيه، وظن ذلك فرصة، فبرز إليه الإسكندر فتجاولا على ظهري فرسيهما ساعات من النهار ليس يلقى أحدهما من صاحبه فرصة ولم يزالا يتعاركان. فلمَّا أعيا الإسكندر أمره ولم يجد فرصة ولا حيلة أوقع ذو القرنين في عسكره صيحة عظيمة ارتجت لها الأرض والعساكر؛ فالتفت فور عندما سمع الزعقة وظنَّها مكيدة في عسكره، فعاجله ذو القرنين بضربة أمالته عن سرجه أتبعها بأخرى فوقع إلى الأرض. فلمَّا رأت الهنود ما نزل بهم وما صار إليه ملكهم حملواعلى الإسكندر فقاتلوه قتالاً أحبوا معه الموت، فوعدهم من نفسه الإحسان ومنحه الله أكتافهم فاستولى على بلادهم وملَّك عليهم رجلاً من ثقاته وأقام بالهند حتى استوسق له ما أرد من أمرهم واتفاق كلمتهم، ثم انصرف عن الهند وخلَّف ذلك الرجل عليهم ومضى متوجهًا نحو ما قصد له.
100% Unofficial Roblox Mega Hits 3
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11+ Verbal Reasoning Vocabulary Practice Workbook: For The 2021 Cem Tests (PDF)
by Collins 11Exam Board: CEM. Level & Subject: 11+ Verbal Reasoning Vocabulary. Suitable for the 2020 tests. Boost your child’s 11 Plus test performance using Collins 11+ Practice Workbooks.
Collins 11+ English Complete Revision, Practice And Assessment For GL: For The 2021 Gl Assessment Tests
by Collins 11Exam Board: GL. Level & Subject: 11+ English. All you need to study for 11+ English in one place! Build confidence for success in the 11 Plus tests with comprehensive and realistic preparation, practice and tests in one book.
Collins 11+ Maths Complete Revision, Practice And Assessment For Cem Tests
by Collins 11Exam Board: CEM. Level & Subject: 11+ Maths. Suitable for the 2021 tests. All you need to study for 11+ Maths in one place! Build confidence for success in the 11 Plus tests with comprehensive and realistic preparation, practice and tests in one book.
Collins 11+ Maths Complete Revision, Practice And Assessment For GL Assessment Tests
by Collins 11Exam Board: GL. Level & Subject: 11+ Maths. All you need to study for 11+ Maths in one place! Build confidence for success in the 11 Plus tests with comprehensive and realistic preparation, practice and tests in one book.
Collins 11+ Non-verbal Reasoning Complete Revision, Practice And Assessment For Cem: For The 2021 Cem Tests
by Collins 11Exam Board: CEM. Level & Subject: 11+ Non-Verbal Reasoning. All you need to study for 11+ Non Verbal Reasoning in one place! Build confidence for success in the 11 Plus tests with comprehensive and realistic preparation, practice and tests in one book.
Collins 11+ Non-verbal Reasoning Complete Revision, Practice And Assessment For GL Assessment Tests
by Collins 11Exam Board: GL. Level & Subject: 11+ Non-Verbal Reasoning. All you need to study for 11+ Non Verbal Reasoning in one place! Build confidence for success in the 11 Plus tests with comprehensive and realistic preparation, practice and tests in one book.
Collins 11+ Practice - 11+ Non-verbal Reasoning Quick Practice Tests Age 9-10 (Collins 11+ Practice Ser.)
by Collins 11Exam Board: CEM Level & Subject: 11+ Non-Verbal Reasoning Suitable for the 2021 tests Making sure your child is ready for the 11+ CEM Assessment Tests by familiarising them with the real thing will help them do their very best in the 2021 11+ tests. The Collins 11+ Quick Practice Test range gives children plenty of opportunity to test themselves in short, timed bursts, helping to build confidence and ensure 11 Plus test success. Children can have a go at realistic, 11 plus test-style questions A wide range of CEM questions is included: Figure Matrices, Figure Similarities, 3D Spatial Reasoning: Perspectives and Cubes, Figure Reflection, Odd one out, Codes and Figure Analogies. 25 timed tests get them used to working under pressure Example answers are worked out to show what examiners are looking for All answers are explained to help improve understanding and check progress For children age 10-11, the Collins 11+ Non-Verbal Reasoning Quick Practice Tests (9781844198955) is also available. Previously published as Letts
Collins 11+ Verbal Reasoning Complete Revision, Practice And Assessment For The 2021 Cem Tests
by Collins 11Exam Board: CEM. Level & Subject: 11+ Comprehension. All you need to study for 11+ Verbal reasoning for CEM (English skills including comprehension, vocabulary and cloze questions) in one place! Build confidence for success in the 11 Plus tests with comprehensive and realistic preparation, practice and tests in one book.
Collins 11+ Verbal Reasoning Complete Revision, Practice And Assessment For Gl Assessment Tests
by Collins 11Exam Board: GL. Level & Subject: 11+ Verbal Reasoning. All you need to study for 11+ Verbal Reasoning in one place! Build confidence for success in the 11 Plus tests with comprehensive and realistic preparation, practice and tests in one book.
Collins 11+ Verbal Reasoning Practice Papers Book 2: For The 2020 Gl Assessment Tests (PDF)
by Collins 11There’s no better way to ensure 11+ success than with plenty of practice! These 11+ Verbal Reasoning multiple-choice practice papers provide your child with realistic test-taking practice ahead of the GL Assessment 11 Plus tests. This means children are familiar with the style and format of the exam, helping to boost their confidence on the 2019 GL Assessment tests used by selective state schools in England. This 11 Plus Verbal Reasoning practice book includes four complete Verbal Reasoning test papers, plus explanations to all the answers in order to improve understanding.
Collins 11+ Verbal Reasoning Quick Practice Tests Age 10-11 (PDF)
by Collins 11Making sure your child is ready for the 11+ CEM Assessment Tests by familiarising them with the real thing will help them do their very best in the 2020 11+ tests. The Collins 11+ Quick Practice Test range gives children plenty of opportunity to test themselves in short, timed bursts, helping to build confidence and ensure 11 Plus test success.
Collins 11+ English Quick Practice Tests Age 10-11 (PDF)
by Collins Collins 11Making sure your child is familiar with 11+ test-style questions is a critical step in ensuring they do their very best on the 2019 GL Assessment tests. Each of the 29 quick practice tests are timed to help prepare children age 10-11 for working under time pressure during the real 11+ GL Assessment tests, and answers are included to check progress along the way. The Letts 11+ Quick Practice Test range gives children plenty of opportunities to test themselves in short bursts, helping to build confidence and ensure 11 Plus test success.
11+ Non-verbal Reasoning 2d And 3d Support And Practice Workbook: For The Cem 2022 Tests
by Collins 11 TeachitrightExam Board: CEMLevel & Subject: 11+ CEM testsSuitable for the 2022 testsRealistic practice and support for the 11+ CEM testBoost your child's 11 Plus test performance using Collins 11+ Support and Practice Workbooks.Realistic practice for learners aged 9-11 to build non-verbal reasoning skills ahead of the CEM 11 Plus testsPerfect for independent practice or during sessions with tutors or parents with a lesson by lesson approachHelpful hints and tips throughout are designed to improve exam performanceAnswers with clear explanations are included to help check progress and aid understandingGuidance for parents available to help you support your child and ensure successFor more in the Collins 11+ CEM range, try our Quick Practice Tests for Maths (9781844198900), Verbal Reasoning (9781844198917), Spatial Reasoning (9781844199198) and Non-verbal Reasoning (9781844198924).
Collins 11+ English Practice Papers Book 2: For The 2020 Gl Assessment Tests (PDF)
by Letts 11Realistic practice in the style and format of the 11+ English GL multiple-choice tests.
Collins 11+ Maths Practice Papers Book 2: For The 2020 Gl Assessment Tests (PDF)
by Letts 11Realistic practice in the style and format of the 11+ Maths GL multiple-choice tests.
Collins 11+ Maths Quick Practice Tests Age 10-11 (PDF)
by Letts 11Make sure your child is ready for the 11+ CEM Assessment Tests by familiarising them with the real thing! This range of Maths Quick Practice Tests gives children plenty of opportunity to test themselves in short, timed bursts, helping to build confidence and ensure test success.
Collins 11+ Spatial Reasoning Quick Practice Tests Age 10-11 (PDF)
by Letts 11Making sure your child is ready for the 11+ CEM Assessment Tests by familiarising them with the real thing will help them do their very best in the 2020 11+ tests. The Collins 11+ Quick Practice Test range gives children plenty of opportunity to test themselves in short, timed bursts, helping to build confidence and ensure 11 Plus test success.
Letts 11+ Maths Success: Assessment Papers: Age 10-11
by Letts 11Covering all required Maths Key Stage 2 curriculum content, this book offers clear assessment testing and includes advice from teachers on how best to use the tests in order to move up to the next level. With a simple layout in black and white, these Maths tests are designed to mimic the real tests, encouraging children to gain confidence through the assessment process. Children age 10-11 will enjoy practising the key Maths skills learned at KS2.
Letts 11+ Success Practice Test Papers: for the CEM tests (PDF)
by Letts 11‘Get started’ is the first stage in the Letts 11+ Practice Test Papers series, introducing children to CEM test-style questions at a beginner level. The Letts Practice Test Papers series for CEM 11 Plus is divided into three levels of difficulty to build your child’s confidence and help them do their very best. In these 11 Plus CEM practice papers, two complete tests (four papers in total) allow children to practise answering CEM-style questions under timed conditions in order to familiarise them with the real thing.
Success Assessment Papers English 7-8 (PDF)
by Letts 11Suitable for the 2020 tests. Covering all required English Key Stage 2 curriculum content, this book offers clear assessment testing and includes advice from teachers on how best to use the tests in order to move up to the next level. With a simple layout in black and white, these English tests are designed to mimic the real tests, encouraging children to gain confidence through the assessment process. Children age 7-8 will enjoy practising the key English skills learned at KS2.
Success Assessment Papers English 8-9 (PDF)
by Letts 11Covering all required curriculum content, this book of English assessment papers offers clear assessment testing for KS2, and includes advice from teachers on how best to use the tests in order to move up to the next level. With a simple layout in black and white, these English tests are designed to mimic the real tests, encouraging children to gain confidence through the assessment process. Children will enjoy practising the key English skills learned at Key Stage 2.